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pituitary incidentaloma

incidentally discovered pituitary adenoma by CT or MRI. (see pituitary adenoma) Etiology: - most are benign, nonfunctional pituitary adenoma Epidemiolgy: - at least 10% of adults have pituitary microadenomas, most often incidental findings of brain MRI - median microadenoma size is 4 mm - size remains unchanged in 44% of patients, increases in 28%, decreases in 19%, & increases but later decreases in 9% over the 5 years after discovery - only 3 of 177 microadenomas increased in size to > 10 mm [3] Laboratory: - serum prolactin - serum IGF-1 - serum cortisol (AM) may be optional - ADH (serum sodium, serum osmolality, urine sodium, urine osmolality) - serum TSH with reflex free T4 - serum LH serum FSH, 8 AM serum testosterone (male) serum estradiol (female) Radiology: - pituitary incidentaloma identified by CT or MRI of sella turcica Differential diagnosis: - acromegaly - Cushing's syndrome - prolactinoma Management: - evaluate for hypopituitarism - treat underlying disorder - neurosurgery consultation a) visual field defects b) oculomotor nerve palsies c) optic chiasm compression d) hormone hypersecretion e) hypopituitarism f) tumor growth [1]

General

incidentaloma pituitary adenoma

References

  1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 19 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2022
  2. Freda PU, Beckers AM, Katznelson L et al Pituitary incidentaloma: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;96(4):894-904 PMID: 21474686
  3. Hordejuk D et al. Long-term changes in the size of pituitary microadenomas. Ann Intern Med 2023 Feb 28; [e-pub]. PMID: 36848656 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M22-1728