Contents

Search

pharmaceutical agent

Also see: - drug reaction - pharmacologic therapy - medications for mental health - drug resistance - drug interaction - medication costs - storage of pharmaceutical agents - pill identifier [9] * Medscape reference for Drugs, OTCs & Herbals [8] Epidemiology: - 25% of children took at least one prescription drug within 30 days 2007-2010 - cardiovascular agents were among the most frequently prescribed medications - 18% of adults < 65 years of age & 70% of older adults were using at least one cardiovascular drug 2007-2010 - lipid-lowering agents also ranked high in use, increasing > 6-fold between 1988-1994 & 2007-2010 - 11% of adults < 65 years & 47% of older adults were using a lipid-lowering agent 2007-2010 - antidepressant use among all adults increased from ~2% between 1988-1994 to 11% between 2007-2010 - drug poisoning deaths involving opioids more than tripled over the past decade - antibiotic prescriptions for cold symptoms declined by ~40% in the past decade Notes: - ACP recommendations for controlling pharmaceutical prices - pharmaceutical companies should be transparent about costs of research, development. manufacturing & marketing - Medicare & Medicaid should have flexibility in obtaining discounts for purchasing drugs in bulk - limits to market exclusivity periods - patient cost-sharing should be set at a level that does not impose a substantial economic barrier [2] - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, & Medicine recommendations for controlling pharmaceutical prices - direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs should not be tax-deductible. - abolish or deter 'pay-for-delay agreements', in which brand-name drug makers pay to delay cheaper generics & biosimilars from entering the market. - increase financial transparency in the drug supply chain. - drug prices are determined by what the market will bear, not research & development costs [3] - Federal law prohibits Medicare from negotiating with pharmaceutical companies for lower prices [3] - market exclusivity (patents) allows pharmaceutical companies to set pricing of drugs for 12.5 years (median duration) [3] - brand name drugs account for 10% of all prescription, but 72% of prescription drug spending [3] - pharmaceutical companies spend 10-20% of total sales on research & development [3]

Related

adverse drug reaction (ADR) animal-derived products counterfeit drug drug interaction drug resistance drugs available only through specialty pharmacies drugs that require eye exam drugs with special prescribing & dispensing requirements foreign drug medication costs medications for mental health pharmacologic therapy storage of drugs & vaccines

Specific

abortifacient agent classified by organ system agent classified by route alternative medication aluminum salt (aluminum compound) analgesic (antalgic) anesthetic anorexiant (appetite suppressant) anti-hyperlipidemic agent anti-inflammatory agent antiasthmatic agent antibiotic (antimicrobial agent) antidote antineoplastic agent (chemotherapeutic agent) antipruritic agent antipyretic agent antithrombotic agent antitussive agent autonomic agent beta-lactamase inhibitor biological response modifier; immune factor; immunomodulator; biomodulator blood products calcineurin inhibitor calcium salt (Ca+2 salt) cardiotonic agent chelating agent cold, cough & flu agent compounded pharmaceutical contraceptive contrast agent DEA controlled substance decongestant dental agent dermatologic agent diagnostic agent disease-modifying antirheumatic agent (DMARD) DNAzyme drugs associated with Black box warning [A-L] drugs associated with Black box warning [M-Z] enzymatic agent ergot alkaloid expectorant hematologic agent histamine receptor antagonist (antihistamine) hypouricemic agent iodide salt (I- salt) iodinated pharmaceutical agent keratolytic agent mast cell stabilizer metabolic agent (metabolic modifier) miscellaneous pharmacologic agent mislabeled drug monoclonal antibody mucolytic agent muscle relaxant nutritional supplement opioid maintenance therapy orphan drug performance-enhancing substance pharmaceutical additive pharmaceutical angiogenesis inhibitor (angiostatic agent) pharmaceutical growth factor pharmaceutical herb; medicinal herb; herbal supplement; botanical pharmaceutical monoclonal antibody pharmacologic combination pharmacologic metabolite placebo plasma volume expander polyclonal antibody progestational agent prostaglandin analog; prostanoid psychotropic agent pulmonary agent radiopharmaceutical spermicidal agent tocolytic agent vaccine veterinary pharmaceutical (pet medication) weight loss supplement

General

molecule

References

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Press Release. May 14, 2014 Health, United States, 2013 includes special section on prescription drugs. http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0514-prescription-drugs.html
  2. Daniel H for the Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians Stemming the Escalating Cost of Prescription Drugs: A Position Paper of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. Published online 29 March 2016 http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2506848
  3. Kesselheim AS, Avorn J, Sarpatwari A The High Cost of Prescription Drugs in the United States. Origins and Prospects for Reform. JAMA. 2016;316(8):858-871. PMID: 27552619 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2545691
  4. IMS Institute for Health Informatics. Global Outlook for Medicines Through 2018. http://www.imshealth.com/en/thought-leadership/quintilesims-institute/reports/global-outlook-for-medicines-through-2018
  5. Drug Trend Report Executive Summary | Express Scripts 2016 Drug Trend Report Executive Summary. http://lab.express-scripts.com/lab/drug-trend-report/executive-summary
  6. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, & Medicine Consumer Access to Affordable Medicines Is a Public Health Imperative, Says New Report; Government Negotiation of Drug Prices, Prevention of 'Pay-for-Delay' Agreements, and Increased Financial Transparency Among Recommendations. News Release Nov 30, 2017 http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=24946&_ga=2.246596993.468514992.1512069338-1156717677.1512069338
  7. Frank DS I'm Talking to You-Mab - How to Pronounce the New, Unpronounceable Pharmaceuticals. JAMA Intern Med. Published online January 8, 2018 PMID: 29309490 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2666798
  8. Medscape: Drugs, OTCs & Herbals https://reference.medscape.com/drugs
  9. Medscape: Pill Identifier https://reference.medscape.com/pill-identifier