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second hand smoke (passive smoking)

Epidemiology: - 56% of middle school & high school students exposed to second hand smoke [10] Pathology: 2nd hand smoke or passive smoking: 1) increases risk of lung cancer (30%) 2) increases risk of coronary artery disease (30%) 3) increased bronchial hyperreactivity & risk of asthma [1] 4) diminishes FEV1 [1] 5) may increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) [2] 6) increases risk of cognitive impairment [6] 7) risks may be overestimated [3] 8) increases risk of mortality (15%) [4] Complications: - shortness of breath - difficulty exercising - wheezing during exercise - dry cough at night - subjective decline in health - more emergency department or urgent care visits - missed more school [11] Management: - smoking ban in public places reduces respiratory symptoms - complete smoking ban in work place needed to reduce risk of myocardial infarction [7] & improves respiratory function [5] - public smoking bans have reduced preterm births & childhood asthma visits [8] Notes: - clinicians rarely counsel hospitalized cardiac patients about secondhand smoke exposure [9]

Related

inhalation injury smoking; cigarette smoking; tobacco smoking tobacco

General

pathologic process

References

  1. Journal Watch 22(3):24, 2002 Janson et al, Lancer 358:2103, 2001
  2. Journal Watch 22(8):62, 2002 McMartin KI, J Pediatr 140:205, 2002
  3. Journal Watch 23(13):106, 2003 Enstrom JE & Kabat GC, BMJ 326:1057, 2003 http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/326/7398/1057 Davey Smith G, BMJ BMJ 326:1048, 2003
  4. Journal Watch 24(12):99, 2004 Hill S, Blakely T, Kawachi I, Woodward A. Mortality among 'never smokers' living with smokers: two cohort studies, 1981-4 and 1996-9. BMJ. 2004 Apr 24;328(7446):988-9. Epub 2004 Apr 05. No abstract available. PMID: 15066889 http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/328/7446/988
  5. Menzies D et al, Respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and markers of inflammation among bar workers before and after a legislative ban on smoking in public places. JAMA 2006, 296:1742 PMID: 17032987 - Eisner MD Banning smoking in public places: Time to clear the air. JAMA 2006, 296:1778 PMID: 17032992
  6. Llewellyn DJ et al Exposure to secondhand smoke and cognitive impairment in non-smokers: national cross sectional study with cotinine measurement BMJ. 2009 Feb 12;338:b462. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b462. PMID: 19213767
  7. Hurt RD et al. Myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death in Olmsted County, Minnesota, before and after smoke-free workplace laws. Arch Intern Med 2012 Nov 26; 172:1635. PMID: 23108571 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1387590
  8. Been JV et al Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 28 March 2014 PMID: 24680633 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2814%2960082-9/abstract
  9. Japuntich SJ et al Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure Among Hospitalized Nonsmokers With Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA Intern Med. Published online November 10, 2014. PMID: 25383761 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1930722 - Vandivier RW Learning to Act on Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure to Limit Risk for Coronary Heart Disease. JAMA Intern Med. Published online November 10, 2014. PMID: 25383686 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1930721
  10. Orciari Herman A, Sadoughi S, Sofair A Over Half of Youth Exposed to Secondhand Smoke Physician's First Watch, Jan 11, 2016 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org - Agaku IT, Singh T, Rolle I et al Prevalence and Determinants of Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Middle and High School Students. Pediatrics. Feb 2016 PMID: 26755696 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/01/08/peds.2015-1985
  11. Merianos AL, Jandarov RA, Mahabee-Gittens EM. Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Respiratory Symptoms, and Emergency Department Use. Pediatrics. August 6, 2018 PMID: 30082449 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/08/02/peds.2018-0266
  12. National Cancer Institute Secondhand Smoke and Cancer https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/second-hand-smoke-fact-sheet