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opium
Tincture of opium. DEA controlled substance. Class 2.
Indications:
1) symptomatic treatment of diarrhea
2) relief from pain
Contraindications:
1) increased intracranial pressure
2) severe respiratory depression
3) severe liver or renal insufficiency
Dosage: (contains 25X more morphine than paragoric)
1) 0.6 mL = 6 mg of morphine
2) 0.3-1 mL QID PRN
3) daily dosage should not exceed 6 mL
Liquid: Opium tincture: 10% (4 oz bottles)
Pharmacokinetics:
1) metabolized by the liver
2) metabolites excreted in the urine
Adverse effects:
1) common (> 10%)
- palpitations, hypotension, bradycardia, drowsiness, dizziness, weakness
2) less common (1-10%)
- restlessness, headache, malaise, decreased urination, histamine release
3) uncommon (< 1%)
- peripheral vasodilation, CNS depression, increased intracranial pressure, insomnia, mental depression, nausea/vomiting, constipation, anorexia, epigastric cramps, biliary tract spasm, urinary tract spasm, miosis, respiratory depression, physical & psychologic dependence
4) in usual anti-diarrheal dosages, opium does NOT result in analgesia or euphoria
Drug interactions:
1) CNS depressants
2) tricyclic antidepressants
3) may potentiate effects of morphine & other opiate agonists
5) phenothiazines may antagonize effects of opiates
Mechanism of action:
1) increases smooth muscle tone of GI tract
2) inhibits GI motility
3) diminishes digestive secretions
Related
belladonna/opium (B & O supprettes)
paregoric
General
antidiarrheal agent
opiate
pharmacologic combination
References
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998 - not on National VA formulary
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998
Component-of
belladonna alkaloid/opium
belladonna/opium (B & O supprettes)