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ophthalmology; ophthalmological service
Indications:
- eye disease
- visual pathway disorders
- visual cortex disorders
- clinical manifestations of eye disease
- eye pain
- visual impairment
- Kayser-Fleischer ring
- Soemmering's ring
- red eye
- nystagmus
- Argyl-Robertson pupil
- Marcus-Gunn pupil
- amblyopia
- drusen
- anisocoria
- astigmatism
- mydriasis or miosis
- diseases affecting the eye
- Grave's disease
- Sjogren's syndrome
- cranial nerve palsy
- cranial nerve III palsy
- cranial nerve IV palsy
- cranial nerve VI palsy
- papilledema due to elevated intraocular pressure
- eyelid disease
- eye surgery
- high risk individuals (dilated exam every 1-2 years)
- retinal detachment
- serious ocular trauma
- diabetes mellitus
- sickle cell disease
Procedure:
Ophthalmologic examination:
1) visual acuity testing & refraction
2) external examination (including motility & alignment)
3) intraocular pressure measurement (tonometry)
4) pupillary examination
5) slit-lamp examination
6) dilated ophthalmoscopy* (funduscopy)
* Use 2.5% phenylephrine as mydriatic unless ophthalmologist
Management:
- indications for urgent/emergent ophthalmology consultation
a) acute angle closure glaucoma
b) acute vision loss
c) central retinal vascular occlusion
d) corneal ulceration
e) endophthalmitis
f) Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
g) optic neuritis
h) orbital cellulitis
i) retinal detachment
j) scleritis
k) trauma to globe or lid
l) uveitis [2]
Related
eye
eye disease (ophthalmopathy)
ophthalmologist
ophthalmoscopy
optometry (eye examination)
visual function
visual impairment
General
medical specialty
References
- Mangione CM, In: UCLA Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine &
Board Review, Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012