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olive oil

Nutritional information: - saturated fat: 15% - mono-unsaturated fat: 75% - linoleic acid (omega-6): 9% - alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3): 1% - extra virgin olive oil contains oleocanthal up to 200 ug/mL [4] Dosage: - 50 mL/day [8] or 4 tablespoons used in different studies - > 1/2 tablespoon or > 7 g/day* [14] * no significant mortality benefit observed when olive oil was compared with other vegetable oils combined [14] Laboratory: - extra virgin olive oil - lowers post-prandial serum glucose & LDL cholesterol [5] - no change in serum glucose or lipid profile [8] - lowers serum IL-6 & serum C-reactive protein [8] Mechanism of action: - when coupled with fasting, limiting caloric intake & exercising, effects of olive oil come most pronounced. - olive oil induces lipid droplets & when the fat is broken down during exercising or fasting signaling via PLIN5 produces beneficial effects of enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis & function [10] - reduces fibrinolytic factors plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 & alpha2 antiplasmin in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) [13] - restores levels of plasma Abeta(1-40), plasma Abeta(1-42) & plasma p-tau in elderly with MCI to levels seen in cognitively normal people [13] Notes: - olive oil reduces incidence of Alzheimer's disease in elderly with MCI [13] - use of olive oil may lower risk of ischemic stroke [2] - olive oil lowers risk for cardiovascular events in U.S. adults [11] - olive oil improves cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction [12] - olive oil may alleviate endothelial dysfunction due to ambient particle exposure (fish oil does not) [3] - Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil* - may have a beneficial effect in the primary prevention of breast cancer [6,7] - reduces cardiovascular risk (see Mediterranean diet) - associated with improved cognition in older persons (see Mediterranean diet) - reduces risk of type 2 diabetes (see Mediterranean diet) - helpful for weight reduction (see Mediterranean diet) - extra-virgin olive oil may protect cognitive function (learning & memory) & reduce formation of beta-amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles in the brain based on a transgenic mouse model [9] - olive oil reduces brain inflammation - activates autophagy [9] - >= 7 grams/day of olive oil is associated with a 28% lower risk of dementia- related death (RR=0.72) vs never or rarely consuming olive oil [15] * in connection with a Mediterranean diet, olive oil appears more benefial than nuts as a source of dietary fat (see Mediterranean diet)

Related

Mediterranean diet

General

vegetable oil

References

  1. http://www.canola.com
  2. Samieri C et al Olive oil consumption, plasma oleic acid, and stroke incidence The Three-City Study Neurology June 15, 2011 PMID: 21676914 http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2011/06/15/WNL.0b013e318220abeb.abstract
  3. Tong AG Olive Oil Supplements Ameliorate Endothelial Dysfunction Caused By Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure In Healthy Human Volunteers 2014 American Thoracic Society International Conference. Abstract 55100
  4. Beauchamp GK, Keast RSJ, Morel D et al Phytochemistry: Ibuprofen-like activity in extra-virgin olive oil. Nature 437, 45-46 (1 September 2005) http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7055/full/437045a.html
  5. Rapaport L Extra Virgin Olive Oil Linked to Lower Blood Sugar and Cholesterol. Medscape Oncology. August 21, 2015 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/849890
  6. Toledo E et al Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED TrialA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. Published online September 14, 2015. PMID: 26365989 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=2434738 - Katz MH Can Diet Prevent Breast Cancer? JAMA Intern Med. Published online September 14, 2015. PMID: 26365829 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=2434734
  7. Slomski A Mediterranean Diet With Olive Oil May Reduce Breast Cancer Risk. JAMA. 2015;314(20):2122. PMID: 26599177 http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleID=2471568
  8. SOLOS (Spanish Olive Oil Study) Study Investigators Anti-inflammatory effect of virgin olive oil in stable coronary disease patients: a randomized, crossover, controlled trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 570-574 http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/v62/n4/full/1602724a.html
  9. Temple University Newsroom. June 21, 2017 Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Preserves Memory and Protects Brain Against Alzheimer's Disease, New Research at Temple Shows. http://www.templehealth.org/News/Extra-VirginOliveOilPreservesMemoryandProtectsBrainAgainstAlzheimersDiseaseNewResearchatTempleShows
  10. University of Minnesota Medical School Mediterranean diet ingredient may extend life. Olive oil in the diet may also help mitigate aging-related diseases. Science News. February 21, 2020 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200221125120.htm - Najt CP, Khan SA, Heden TD et al Lipid Droplet-Derived Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Traffic via PLIN5 to Allosterically Activate SIRT1. Mol Cell. 2020 Feb 20;77(4):810-824.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.12.003. Epub 2019 Dec 31. PMID: 31901447
  11. Guasch-Ferre M, Liu G, Li Y et al Olive Oil Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk in U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. Feb 27, 2020 PMID: 32147453 http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/early/2020/02/27/j.jacc.2020.02.036
  12. Lou N A Small Step for Olive Oil as HFpEF Treatment - Small CPET improvements suggested by preliminary diet study. MedPage Today October 4, 2020 https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/hfsa/88946 = Billingsley H, et al Dietary supplementation of extra virgin olive oil in patients w with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is associated with increases in cardiorespiratory fitness Heart Failure Society of Amertica (HFSA) 2020
  13. Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA et al The pleiotropic beneficial intervention of olive oil intake on the Alzheimer's disease onset via fibrinolytic system. Exp Gerontol 2021. vol 150. July 15 PMID: 33836262 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556521001194 - Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA et al Administration of the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients as a therapy for preventing the progress to AD. Hell J Nucl Med. 2019 Sep-Dec;22 Suppl 2:181. PMID: 31802059
  14. Guasch-Ferre M, Li Y, Willett WC et al Consumption of Olive Oil and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among U.S. Adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Jan, 79 (2) 101-112 PMID: 35027106 https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.041
  15. Tessier AJ, Cortese M, Yuan C et al Consumption of Olive Oil and Diet Quality and Risk of Dementia-Related Death. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 May 1;7(5):e2410021. PMID: 38709531 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2818362