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nuts (food nut, dietary nut, nut consumption)

Component of a Mediterranean diet. Indications: - may be of benefit for dyslipidemia [1] - lowers total cholesterol & LDL cholesterol - lowers LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio - greater improvement with: a) higher nut consumption b) higher basline LDL cholesterol c) lower BMI - daily consumption of nuts reduces cardiovascular mortality & all-cause mortality 20% [2,4] - type of nut seems not to matter - daily consumption of nuts reduces mortality [2,5,6] - all-cause mortality [6] - mortality reduction due to cancer ~10% [2,6] - lowers risk for cardiovascular disease 14% [5,6] - mortality due to respiratory disease [6] - mortality due to diabetes [6] - mortality due to infections [6] - eating nuts is associated with less weight gain over time [7] Notes: - all nuts (including peanuts) 2.4 ounces/day - lower total serum cholesterol 11 mg/dL - lower LDL cholesterol 10 mg/dL - lower serum triglycerides (if elevated) - no effect on HDL cholesterol - nut consumption by pregnant women may protect against nut allergy in offspring [3]

Related

Mediterranean diet Nut family protein

Specific

almond (Prunus dulcis) cashew (Anacardium occidentale) peanut pecan (Carya illinoinensis) walnut

General

food

References

  1. Sabate J et al Nut Consumption and Blood Lipid Levels: A Pooled Analysis of 25 Intervention Trials Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(9):821-827. PMID: 20458092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.79 http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/170/9/821
  2. Bao Y et al Association of Nut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality. N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2001-2011. November 21, 2013 PMID: 24256379 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1307352
  3. Frazier AL et al Prospective Study of Peripregnancy Consumption of Peanuts or Tree Nuts by Mothers and the Risk of Peanut or Tree Nut Allergy in Their Offspring. JAMA Pediatr. Published online December 23, 2013 PMID: 24366539 http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1793699 - Gupta R To Eat or Not to Eat What Foods Are Safe to Consume During Pregnancy? JAMA Pediatr. Published online December 23, 2013 PMID: 24366524 http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1793698
  4. Luu HN et al. Prospective evaluation of the association of nut/peanut consumption with total and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Intern Med 2015 Mar 2 PMID: 25730101 http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2173094
  5. Guasch-Ferre M, Liu X, Malik VS et al Nut Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease J Am Coll Cardiol. 70(20): Nov 2017 PMID: 29145952 http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/70/20/2519 - Ros E Eat Nuts, Live Longer. J Am Coll Cardiol. 70(20): Nov 2017 PMID: 29145953 http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/70/20/2533
  6. Aune D, Keum N, Giovannucci E et al Nut consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Med. 2016 Dec 5;14(1):207. Review. PMID: 27916000 Free PMC Article
  7. Liu X, Li Y, Guasch-Ferre M et al Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women. BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health. Sept 2019 Not indexed in PubMed https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2019/08/27/bmjnph-2019-000034