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Nipah virus (Nipah Virus (NiV))
Potential agent of bioterrorism [3]
Epidemiology:
- natural host of the virus are fruit bats of the Pteropodidae Family, Pteropus genus
- 1st identified in 1999 in Malaysia & Singapore
- distribution [2] Southeast Asia, India, Madagascar, Polynesia, northern & eastern Australis
Pathology:
- causes severe disease in both animals & humans
Clinical manifestations:
- variable from asymptomatic to
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- fatal encephalitis
- incubation period of 5 to 14 days [2]
- fever & headache, followed by drowsiness, disorientation & confusion
- signs & symptoms can progress to coma within 24-48 hours
- 1/2 of patients with severe neurologic disease also have pulmonary disease [2]
Laboratory:
- RT-PCR from throat & nasal swabs, CSF, urine, & blood
Management:
- supportive care
General
Henipavirus
Properties
KINGDOM: virus
GENOME-TYPE: RNA
SINGLE-STRANDED
NEGATIVE-STRAND
GENOME-SIZE: 16-20 kB
ENVELOPE: PRESENT
CAPSID-SYMMETRY: HELICAL
References
- World Health Organisation (WHO)
Nipah Virus (NiV) Infection
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/nipah/en/
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
Nipah Virus (NiV)
http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/nipah/
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015