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neutrophilia
Etiology:
1) increased production
a) idiopathic
b) drug-induced -> corticosteroids*
c) infection
- bacterial infection
- fungal infection
- viral infection (rare)
d) inflammation
- cigarette smoking [2]
- may persist for >= 1 year after smoking cessation [3]
- thermal injury
- tissue necrosis
- myocardial infarction
- pulmonary infarction
- hypersensitivity states
- connective tissue disorders
- appendicitis
e) myeloproliferative disorders
- myelocytic leukemia
- myeloid metaplasia
- polycythemia vera
- leukemoid reaction
2) increased mobilization from the bone marrow
a) corticosteroids*
b) acute infection (endotoxin)
c) inflammation (thermal injury)
3) defective margination
a) pharmaceutical agents
- epinephrine
- corticosteroids*
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
b) stress
c) excitement
d) vigorous exercise
e) leukocyte adhesion protein (C3bi {CR3} receptor) deficiency
4) miscellaneous
a) metabolic disorders
- ketosis
- acute renal failure
- eclampsia
- acute poisoning
b) drugs -> lithium
c) metastatic carcinoma
d) acute hemorrhage
e) hemolysis
* inhaled budesonide not commonly associated with neutrophilia [2]
Related
neutrophil or polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN, poly)
General
leukocytosis
References
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed.
Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 332
- NEJM Knowledge+. Question of the Week. June 7, 2016
http://www.jwatch.org
- Riley LK, Rupert J.
Evaluation of Patients with Leukocytosis.
Am Fam Physician. 2015 Dec 1;92(11):1004-11.
PMID: 26760415
- Parry H, Cohen S, Schlarb JE et al
Smoking, alcohol consumption, and leukocyte counts.
Am J Clin Pathol. 1997 Jan;107(1):64-7.
PMID: 8980369 Free Article
- Schwartz J, Weiss ST.
Cigarette smoking and peripheral blood leukocyte differentials.
Ann Epidemiol. 1994 May;4(3):236-42.
PMID: 8055125
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022