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enolase-2; gamma-enolase; neuron specific enolase (ENO2)
Function:
- neurotrophic & neuroprotective properties on a broad spectrum of central nervous system (CNS) neurons
- Ca+2-dependent binding to cultured neocortical neurons
- promotes cell survival (putative)
- carbohydrate degradation, glycolysis; pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, step 4/5
2-phospho-D-glycerate phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O
Cofactor:
- Mg+2, required for catalysis & for stabilizing dimer
Structure:
- mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta & gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type & development-specific
- belongs to the enolase family
Compartment:
- cytoplasm, cell membrane
- can translocate to the plasma membrane in heterodimeric (alpha/gamma) form
Expression:
- alpha/gamma heterodimer & the gamma/gamma homodimer is found in neurons
- normally, found in nervous system, erythrocytes, plasma cells & platelets
- during ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/gamma heterodimer in nerve cells
Pathology:
- levels of ENO2 increase in stroke, cerebral trauma, brain tumors & Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease
- small cell carcinoma of the lung stains positively for enolase-2
Related
enolase.neuron specific Ag in tissue
neuron specific enolase in body fluid
neuron-specific enolase in serum
General
enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase)
phosphoprotein
Properties
CONFIGURATION: dimer
SIZE: entity length = 434 aa
MW = 47 kD
COMPARTMENT: cytoplasm
MOTIF: Tyr phosphorylation site {Y44}
Ser phosphorylation site {S80}
binding site
SITE: 158-158
FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate
binding site
SITE: 167-167
FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate
glutamate residue {E210}
Mg+2-binding site
SITE: 245-245
Mg+2-binding site
SITE: 293-293
MOTIF: binding site
SITE: 293-293
FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate
Mg+2-binding site
SITE: 318-318
MOTIF: binding site
SITE: 318-318
FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate
lysine residue {K343}
Substrate binding {370-373}
binding site
SITE: 394-394
FOR-BINDING-OF: Substrate
Database Correlations
OMIM 131360
UniProt P09104
PFAM correlations
Entrez Gene 2026
References
- OMIM :accession 131360
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 3rd edition, NW Tietz
ed, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1995
- UniProt :accession P09104