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neurologic disease
Epidemiology:
- 1 in 2 women & 1 in 3 men will develop dementia, stroke or parkinsonism during their life [2]
Differential diagnosis:
- central nervous system disease
- onset: sudden (stroke), gradual (brain neoplasm)
- weakness: entire entremity, unilateral or with pyramidal pattern
- no atrophy or mild if related to underlying disease
- no fasiculations
- spasticity or normal tone
- sensory loss unilateral or entire limb
- numbness more comon than paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia
- dissociation of pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception possible with brain &/or spinal cord lesions
- deep tendon reflexes increased
- pathologic reflexes including Babinski sign, Hoffman sign, jaw jerk, snout reflex & clonus
- headache, seizures, visual impairment, language impairment
- EMG: normal*
- peripheral nervous system disease
- onset: subacute or insidious
- weakness: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or generalized
- atropy
- fasiculations
- decreased or normal tone
- sensory loss: focal in territory of affected nerve, nerve root or plexus or stocking glove in distribution
- paresthesia, dysethesia, allodynia more common than numbness
- pain/temperature & vibration/proprioception travel together
- deep tendon reflexes decreased or normal
- no pathologic reflexes
- cramps
- EMG: abnormal*
* EMG: increased activity with lower motor neuron lesion; normal with upper motor neuron lesion
Related
neurologic sign/symptom; neurologic deficit
Specific
acute neurologic illness of unknown etiology
acute neurologic illness with limb paralysis; acute flaccid myelitis (AFM)
aganglionosis
alien limb
autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia)
axonopathy
central nervous system (CNS) disease
cerebritis
CHASERR deletion
chronic neurologic disease
cranial nerve disease (cranial neuropathy)
de Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome (xerodermic idiocy)
dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica; Ramsay-Hunt syndrome type 1; Ramsay-Hunt cerebellar syndrome
encephalopathy
HIV1/AIDS-associated neurologic disorder
motor dysfunction
nervous system infection
nervous system malformation
nervous system neoplasm
neurocristopathy
neurodegenerative disease
neuroinflammatory disease
neuromuscular disease; myoneural disease
neuronal degeneration
palsy
paralysis
peripheral nervous system (CNS) disease
posterior column ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa (PCARP)
quadriparesis
General
disease
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018
- Licher S, Darweesh SKL, Wolters FJ et al.
Lifetime risk of common neurological diseases in the elderly population.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018 Oct 2
PMID: 30279211
https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/early/2018/08/26/jnnp-2018-318650