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nadolol (Corgard)

Trademark: Corgard. Indications: - hypertension - tachyarrhythmias - thyrotoxicosis - cardiac angina - post myocardial infarction - secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular disease - mitral valve prolapse - long QT syndrome - migraine prophylaxis - tremor Contraindications: 1) bronchial asthma or COPD 2) heart failure or cardiogenic shock 3) 2nd or 3rd degree AV block 4) severe sinus bradycardia Dosage: 1) start: 40 mg PO QD 2) usual effective dose: 40-80 mg PO QD 3) maximum: 320 mg/day 4) taper over 1-2 weeks when discontinuing therapy Tabs: 20, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg. Dosage adjustment in renal failure: creatinine clearance dosage 31-50 mL/min every 24-36 hours 10-30 mL/min every 24-48 hours < 10 mL/min every 40-60 hours Pharmacokinetics: 1) oral absorption averages 20-40%, no effect of food 2) protein-binding 30% [2] 3) therapeutic levels: a) peak steady state concentration 55-62 ng/mL 2-4 hours after oral administration b) trough level: 32 ng/mL 4) tissue distribution: - aqueous humor concentration 1/2 of serum concentration 4) elimination 1/2life is 20-24 hours 5) NOT appreciably metabolized 6) eliminated unchanged in the urine & feces 7) antihypertensive effect may take a few days to several weeks Adverse effects: 1) nausea 2) diarrhea 3) constipation 4) bradycardia 5) hypotension 6) paresthesias 7) dizziness 8) sedation 9) bronchospasm (0.1%) 10) carpal tunnel syndrome (rare) 11) hypoglycemia in type I diabetics: a) may mask symptoms b) may prolong hypoglycemia 12) dry eyes (0.1-0.5%) 13) papilledema (rare) 14) cough & nasal congestion (0.1-0.5%) 15) alopecia, rash, pruritus (0.1-0.5%) Drug interactions: 1) alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists: orthostatic hypotension 2) amiodarone: symptomatic bradycardia & sinus arrest 3) sympathomimetics 4) lidocaine serum levels may increase by 20-30% 5) methacholine 6) methyldopa (paradoxical hypertensive response to stress) 7) NSAIDs may interfere with antihypertensive effect 6) phenothiazines may decrease metabolism of nadolol Laboratory: 1) specimen: serum, plasma (EDTA, heparin) 2) methods: fluorometry, GC-MS, HPLC Mechanism of action: - lipid insoluble non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist

Interactions

drug interactions drug adverse effects (more general classes)

General

non-specific beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (non-specific beta-blocker) propanolamine

Properties

MISC-INFO: elimination route KIDNEY 1/2life 14-18 HOURS 20-24 HOURS protein-binding 16-24% 30% elimination by hemodialysis + pregnancy-category C safety in lactation ?

Database Correlations

PUBCHEM correlations

References

  1. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
  2. DrugDex Drug Evaluation
  3. Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, NW Tietz (ed) 3rd ed, WB Saunders, Philadelpha 1995
  4. Deprecated Reference

Component-of

bendroflumethiazide/nadolol (Corzide)