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muscle rigidity

Etiology: - extrapyramidal disorders a) parkinsonism - Parkinson's disease - Parkinson Plus syndrome - Lewy body dementia b) neuroleptic malignant syndrome c) corticobasal degeneration d) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Clinical manifestations: - increased muscle tone that is present throughout the range of motion (lead-pipe or plastic stiffness) - rigidity affects flexors & extensors equally - asymmetric muscle rigidity in corticobasal degeneration - muscle rigidity less common & less commonly asymmetric in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Differential diagnosis: 1) muscle spasm 2) paratonia 3) catatonia

Related

catatonia muscle spasm muscle stiffness muscle tone neuroleptic malignant syndrome paratonia (gegenhalten) parkinsonism

Specific

abdominal rigidity nuchal rigidity (neck stiffness)

General

rigidity (increased muscle tone)

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 107
  2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2021