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Marburg virus
Epidemiology:
- 2 outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea & one in Tanzania in 2023 [4]
- outbreak in Kigali, Rwanda September 2024
- between September 27, 2024 & October 7 56 confirmed infections & 12 deaths [5]
- a person is not contagious until symptoms appear
- spread through contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with blood or other body fluids
- urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, amniotic fluid, or semen of a person who is sick with or has died from Marburg virus, with the body fluids of infected animals, or with needles or other fomites that are contaminated with the virus
- not spread through airborne transmission [4]
Pathology:
- etiologic agent of viral hemorrhagic fever
Clinical manifestations:
- fever, headache, myagia, arthralgia, fatigue
- loss of appetite, vomiting, bloody diarrhea
- unexplained bleeding
- seizures [4]
Laboratory:
- Marburg virus antigen
- Marburg virus serology
- Marburg virus RNA
Complications:
- high nortality rate (23-90%) [4]
Management:
- early supportive care
- fluid replacement [4]
- infection control measures
- contact precautions, protective equipment, splash precautions similar to Ebola virus
Comparative biology:
- 7 daily intravenous doses of lipid-encapsulated siRNA resulted in 100% survival of primates given a lethal dose of Marburg virus [3]
General
filovirus
Properties
KINGDOM: virus
GENOME-TYPE: RNA
SINGLE-STRANDED
NEGATIVE-STRAND
GENOME-SIZE: 13 kB
ENVELOPE: PRESENT
CAPSID-SYMMETRY: HELICAL
References
- Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed.
Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 1066-67
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 15,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2009
- Thi EP, Mire CE, Ursic-Bedoya1 R et al
Marburg virus infection in nonhuman primates: Therapeutic
treatment by lipid-encapsulated siRNA.
Sci Transl Med 20 August 2014: Vol. 6, Issue 250, p. 250ra116
PMID: 25143366
http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/250/250ra116.full
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania.
Emergency Preparedness & Response
CDC Health Alert Network
Health Advisory, April 6, 2023
https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2023/han00489.asp
- Panosian Dunavan C
Marburg Virus' Latest Eruption.
A veteran fighter against hemorrhagic fevers shares candid thoughts.
https://www.medpagetoday.com/opinion/parasites-and-plagues/112339