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nutritional deficiency
Etiology:
deficiency of one or more nutrients.
1) hypovitaminosis
2) mineral deficiency
3) marasmus
4) protein-calorie malnutrition (kwashiorkor)
5) chronic disease, chronic infection
Laboratory:
- serum prealbumin more sensitive to recent changes than serum albumin
Management:
- calorie count [6]
- do not routinely measure gastric residuals
- delays achieving feeding goals
- may increase risk of pulmonary aspiration [5]
- may clog enteral access [5]
- oral nutritional supplements may improve nutritional status & reduce complications & mortality in malnourished hospitalized elderly [3]
- see specific disorders associated nutritional deficiency
- see pressure ulcer
- see unintentional weight loss
Specific
hypovitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
iodine deficiency
marasmus
mineral deficiency
protein-calorie malnutrition; kwashiorkor
General
nutritional disorder (malnutrition)
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999.
- Morley JE.
Undernutrition: a major problem in nursing homes.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2011 May;12(4):243-6.
PMID: 21527163
- Milne AC, Potter J, Vivanti A, Avenell A.
Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk
from malnutrition.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Review.
PMID: 19370584
- Milne AC, Avenell A, Potter J
Meta-Analysis: Protein and Energy Supplementation in Older People.
Ann Intern Med. 2006 Jan 3;144(1):37-48
PMID: 16389253
https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00008
- Jensen GL, Compher C, Sullivan DH, Mullin GE.
Recognizing malnutrition in adults: definitions and
characteristics, screening, assessment, and team approach.
JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2013 Nov;37(6):802-7.
PMID: 23969411
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 18,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2018
- Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10)
Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds)
American Geriatrics Society, 2019