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lymphocytosis
Etiology:
1) primary lymphocytosis
a) lymphocytic malignancies
- acute lymphocytic leukemia
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- prolymphocytic leukemia
- hairy cell leukemia
- adult T-cell leukemia
- lymphoma
- NK cell leukemia
- T-gamma lymphocytosis
b) monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis*
- multiple myeloma (plasmacytosis) [3]
2) reactive lymphocytosis
a) mononucleosis syndromes
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Toxoplasma gondii
- human immunodeficiency virus
- Herpes simplex virus type II
- Varicella zoster virus
- Rubella virus
- hepatitis viruses
b) pertussis
c) stress lymphocytosis (acute)
- cardiovascular collapse
- acute cardiac failure
- myocardial infarction
- septic shock
- drug-induced
- hypersensitivity reactions
- major surgery
- sickle cell crisis
- status epilepticus
- trauma
d) persistent lymphocytosis (chronic)
- autoimmune disorders
- cancer
- cigarette smoking
- chronic inflammation
- hyposplenism
- polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis
- sarcoidosis
- thymoma
- Wegener's granulomatosis
* monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis often occurs in asymptomatic patients who lack other criteria of chronic lymphocytic leukemia [2]
Related
lymphocyte
lymphocyte count
lymphopenia
Specific
intraepithelial lymphocytosis
lymphohistiocytosis
plasmacytosis
General
leukocytosis
lymphocyte disorder
References
- Williams Hematology, 5th ed, Beutler et al (eds), McGraw Hill,
NY, 1995, pg 964
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
- Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11)
Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds)
American Geriatrics Society, 2022