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live virus vaccine
Live vaccines include:
1) measles, mumps & rubella combined vaccine (MMR)
2) measles & rubella combined vaccine (M-R-Vax II)
3) measles virus live, attentuated (Attenuvax)
4) rubella virus vaccine, live (Meruvax II)
5) varicella virus vaccines, includes Herpes zoster vaccine
5) polio virus vaccine, live, trivalent oral (Orimune, OPV, Sabin vaccine, TOPV)
Contraindications:
1) pregnancy
2) immunosuppression
- HIV1 infection with CD4 count > 200/uL or < 15% of lymphocytes
- high-dose glucocorticoids (> 20 mg of predisone QD or equivalent) for > 2 weeks
- leukemia, lymphoma or other bone marrow or lymphatic malignancy
- cellular immunodeficiency
- solid organ transplant
- hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Caution:
- current recommendations advise against immunizing individuals > 50 years of age with live virus vaccines
- Herpes zoster vaccine is an exception
- wait 24 hours after antiviral agent [2]
- wait 3 months after chemotherapy
- wait 1 month after high-dose glucocorticoids
- if live virus vaccines cannot be given on same day, separate by at least 28 days [2]
Related
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
Specific
adenovirus vaccine (live virus vaccines, types 4 or 7)
cholera vaccine (Vibrio cholerae vaccine, Shanchol, Vaxchora)
dengue virus vaccine (Dengvaxia)
live attenuated influenza virus vaccine; LAIV (FluMist, FluMist Quadrivalent)
measles & rubella combined vaccine (M-R-VAX II)
measles virus vaccine, live, attenuated (Attenuvax)
measles, mumps & rubella combined vaccine (MMR)
mumps virus vaccine
polio virus vaccine,live, trivalent, oral (Orimune, OPV, Sabin vaccine, TOPV)
Proquad (measles, mumps, rubella [MMR] plus varicella viruses live, MMRV)
rotavirus vaccine (Rotashield, Rotateq, Rotarix)
rubella virus vaccine, live (Meruvax II)
smallpox vaccine; vaccinia vaccine (Dryvax, Arestvyr, Jynneos, Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine, MVA-BN vaccine)
typhoid live virus vaccine (Vivotif)
varicella virus vaccine (Varivax)
yellow fever vaccine (YF-VAX, Stamaril)
General
vaccine
References
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998
- Prescriber's Letter 14(10): 2007
Selected Issues in the Effective and Safe Use of Live Virus
Vaccines.
Detail-Document#: 231009
(subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Media Statement: June 7, 2012
Statement regarding Office of the Inspector General Vaccines
for Children report
http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2012/s0607_children_vaccine.html