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lip cancer
Etiology:
- risk factors
- tobaccoism
- cigarettes, cigars, pipes & smokeless tobacco
- alcoholism
- papillomavirus
- drugs with photosensitivity
- nifedipine, hydrochlorothiazide
Epidemiology:
- most common form of oral cancer
- more common in men than women
Pathology:
- most commonly squamous cell carcinoma
- less commonly basal cell carcinoma
- main routes of lymph node drainage are into the first station nodes (buccinator, jugulodigastric, submandibular, & submental)
- sites close to the midline often drain bilaterally
- second station nodes include the parotid, jugular, & the upper & lower posterior cervical nodes
Laboratory:
- tissue biopsy
Complications:
- increased risk of second primary tumor of the respiratory tract or GI tract [3]
Management:
- early stage disease is highly treatable with:
- surgical excision
- radiation therapy if positive margins or depth > 5 mm in surgical excision
- stage 3 or 4
- combination of surgery & radiation therapy
- isotretinoin for one year may reduce the incidence of a second primary tumor [3]
General
oral cancer (oropharyngeal cancer)
skin cancer
lip neoplasm
References
- Friedman GD et al
Antihypertensive Drugs and Lip Cancer in Non-Hispanic Whites
Archives of Internal Medicine, August 2012
PMID: 22869299
http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1307567
- Mayo Clinic: Lip Cancer
http://www.mayoclinic.org/lip-cancer/
- Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer Treatment (PDQ)
National Cancer Insitute
http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/lip-and-oral-cavity/HealthProfessional