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leukocytosis
An increase in white blood cells (leukocytes) in peripheral blood. Generally, an increase in neutrophils (neutrophilia), but may be an increase in lymphocytes (lymphocytosis) especially in lymphoproliferative disorders.
Classification:
1) lymphocytosis
2) monocytosis
3) granulocytosis
a) neutrophilia
b) eosinophilia
c) basophilia
Etiology:
1) increased production
a) idiopathic
b) drug-induced -> corticosteroids
c) infection
- bacterial infection
- fungal infection
- viral infection (rare)
d) inflammation
- thermal injury
- tissue necrosis
- myocardial infarction
- pulmonary infarction
- hypersensitivity states
- connective tissue disorders
- rheumatoid arthritis, Still's disease ...
- appendicitis
e) myeloproliferative disorders
- myelocytic leukemia
- myeloid metaplasia
- polycythemia vera
- leukemoid reaction
2) increased mobilization from the bone marrow
a) corticosteroids
b) acute infection (endotoxin)
c) inflammation (thermal injury)
3) defective margination
a) pharmaceutical agents
- epinephrine
- corticosteroids
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
b) stress
c) excitement
d) vigorous exercise
e) leukocyte adhesion protein (C3bi {CR3} receptor) deficiency
4) miscellaneous
a) metabolic disorders
- ketosis
- acute renal failure
- eclampsia
- acute poisoning
b) drugs -> lithium
c) metastatic carcinoma
d) acute hemorrhage
e) hemolysis
5) also see lymphocytosis
Specific
basophilia
CSF leukocytosis
eosinophilia
granulocytosis
leukemoid reaction
lymphocytosis
neutrophilia
General
leukocyte disorder