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laryngeal carcinoma

Etiology: - risk factors a) smoking b) GERD Pathology: - acid reflux may cause cancers by inducing chronic inflammation - most are squamous cell carcinomas Clinical manifestations: - see head & neck cancer Laboratory: - see head & neck cancer Special laboratory: - see head & neck cancer Radiology: - chest X-ray Complications: - injury to the vocal cords - 95% are squamous cell carcinomas - 20% risk of 2nd cancer within 2 years a) esophageal cancer b) lung cancer Management: 1) stages 1 or 2 - radiation with intent to cure 2) stages 3 & 4 without distant metastases - combination of radiation, chemotherapy 3) metastatic disease or recurrence - chemotherapy is palliative, but does not prolong survival 4) surgical resection should be avoided if vocal cords may be compromised 5) radiation therapy for local mass effects

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larynx

General

head & neck cancer (HNC) laryngeal neoplasm

References

  1. Vaezi MF et al. Laryngeal cancer and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A case-control study. Am J Med 2006 Sep; 119:768-76. PMID: 16945612
  2. Langevin SM et al Gastric Reflux Is an Independent Risk Factor for Laryngopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. PMID: 23703970 http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2013/05/21/1055-9965.EPI-13-0183
  3. Chu EA, Kim YJ Laryngeal cancer: diagnosis and preoperative work-up. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2008 Aug;41(4):673-95, PMID: 18570953
  4. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 16, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2012, 2018.
  5. Forastiere AA, Goepfert H, Maor M et al Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy for organ preservation in advanced laryngeal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Nov 27;349(22):2091-8. PMID: 14645636
  6. Chera BS, Amdur RJ, Morris CG, Kirwan JM, Mendenhall WM. T1N0 to T2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with definitive radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Oct 1;78(2):461-6. PMID: 20153124