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iodine deficiency
Etiology:
- dietary deficiency in endemic regions
Epidemiology:
- common in the Western Pacific, South-East Asia & Africa.
- most common in India
- more common in females
Clinical manifestations:
- goiter
- hypothyroidism
- mental retardation
Laboratory:
- 24-hour urine iodine
- urine iodine / urine creatinine ratio
Complications:
- children of women with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy are at increased risk for suboptimal cognition
Management:
- iodine replacement
- supplements
- iodized salt
Related
cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism)
goiter
iodine [I]
General
nutritional deficiency
References
- Wikipedia: Iodine deficiency
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine_deficiency
- Lee SL and Griffing GT
eMedicine: Iodine Deficiency
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/122714-overview
- Bath SC et al
Effect of inadequate iodine status in UK pregnant women on
cognitive outcomes in their children: results from the Avon
Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 22 May 2013
PMID: 23706508
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2960436-5/abstract
- Stagnaro-Green A and Pearce EN
Iodine and pregnancy: a call to action.
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 22 May 2013
PMID: 23706509
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2813%2960717-5/fulltext
- Bath SC, Rayman MP.
Iodine deficiency in the U.K.: an overlooked cause of impaired
neurodevelopment?
Proc Nutr Soc. 2013 May;72(2):226-35.
PMID: 23570907
- Bath SC, Jolly KB, Rayman MP.
Iodine supplements during and after pregnancy.
JAMA. 2013 Apr 3;309(13):1345.
PMID: 23549573