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intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Etiology: 1) abnormal gastrointestinal (GI) motility - opiates 2) smooth muscle diseases a) amyloidosis b) mitochondrial myopathy c) muscular dystrophy 3) connective tissue disease a) systemic lupus erythematosus b) scleroderma 4) neurologic disorders a) brainstem tumor b) dysautonomia c) familial visceral neuropathy d) neurofibromatosis e) Parkinson's disease 5) systemic disorders a) diabetes mellitus (rare) b) hypothyroidism 6) familial syndromes Epidemiology: - increased frequency in developmentally disabled patients Clinical manifestations: 1) constipation 2) abdominal distension 3) abdominal pain 4) nausea, sometimes vomiting Radiology: - dilated small intestine - colon may or may not be dilated Complications: - intestinal perforation - cecal diameter of > 10 cm is high suscepitble to perforation Differential diagnosis: 1) constipation 2) ileus 3) intestinal obstruction Management: 1) correct electrolyte disturbances, especially hypokalemia 2) nasogastric suction may help decompress the colon 3) turning patient from backside to stomach may passively move air 4) colonoscopy may successfully decompress colon 5) colectomy

Related

constipation; dyschezia ileus

Specific

chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP, CIPO)

General

intestinal disease

References

  1. Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 338
  2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 16. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2012
  3. Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/intestinal-pseudo-obstruction