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influenza A H7N0 virus

Epidemiology: - 131 confirmed cases in China as of 5/8/2013 - 32 deaths in China 2013 [4] - 120 cases 2016-2017 flu season in China [11] - 460 cases of human infection with H7N9) reported in China October 2016 - February 2017 [13] - 60% of patients with known poultry exposure [4] - no evidence of human to human transmission [6,10] - evidence of human to human transmission reported [8] - does not seem to cause symptoms in birds - genetic changes identified in H7N9 that might increase virulence in poultry [12] Pathology: - etiologic agent of avian flu - pneumonia - septic shock - brain damage - multi-organ failure [2] Clinical manifestations: - high fever - cough - dyspnea - severe viral pneumonia - rhabdomyolysis - encephalopathy [3] Laboratory: - influenza virus A serology - influenza virus A H7 Ab in serum - influenza virus A N9 Ab in serum - influenza virus A H7 RNA - influenza virus A H7 antigen - influenza virus identified by culture Complications: - high mortality (21%) Management: - 5-day course of oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir - probable or suspected H7N9 influenza infection - begin treatment as soon as possible, even if symptoms began > 48 hours earlier - begin treatment at the same time as testing [5] - resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors is emerging [7]

Related

swine flu

General

influenza A virus

Properties

KINGDOM: virus GENOME-TYPE: RNA SINGLE-STRANDED NEGATIVE-STRAND GENOME-SIZE: 14 kB ENVELOPE: PRESENT CAPSID-SYMMETRY: HELICAL

References

  1. Global Alert and Response World Health Organization H7N9 avian influenza human infections in China http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_04_01/en/index.html
  2. NBC News, April 12, 2013
  3. Gao R et al Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus. N Engl J Med. April 16, 2013 PMID: 23577628 http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1304459 - Uyeki TM and Cox NJ Global Concerns Regarding Novel Influenza A (H7N9) Virus Infections. N Engl J Med. April 16, 2013 PMID: 23577629 http://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMp1304661
  4. Word Health Organization (WHO) - Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus in China - update. Global Alert and Response (GAR). April 17, 2013 http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_04_17/en/index.html - Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus - update. Global Alert and Response (GAR). May 8, 2013 http://www.who.int/csr/don/2013_05_08/en/index.html
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Interim Guidance on the Use of Antiviral Agents for Treatment of Human Infections with Avian Influenza A (H7N9). http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h7n9-antiviral-treatment.htm
  6. Li Q, Zhou L, Zhou M et al Preliminary Report: Epidemiology of the Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Outbreak in China. N Engl J Med. April 24, 2013 PMID: 23614499 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1304617
  7. Hu Y et al Association between adverse clinical outcome in human disease caused by novel influenza A H7N9 virus and sustained viral shedding and emergence of antiviral resistance. The Lancet. May 28, 2013 PMID: 23726392 http://download.thelancet.com/flatcontentassets/pdfs/S0140673613611253.pdf
  8. Zhou J et al. Biological features of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. Nature 2013 Jul 3 PMID: 23823727 - Belser JA et al. Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in ferrets and mice. Nature 2013 Jul 10 PMID: 23842497 - Watanabe T et al. Characterization of H7N9 influenza A viruses isolated from humans. Nature 2013 Jul 10; PMID: 23842494 - Zhu H et al. Infectivity, transmission, and pathology of human-isolated H7N9 influenza virus in ferrets and pigs. Science 2013 Jul 12; 341:183 PMID: 23704376 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6142/183
  9. Qi X et al. Probable person to person transmission of novel avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in Eastern China, 2013: Epidemiological investigation. BMJ 2013 Aug 6; 347:f4752. PMID: 23920350 http://www.bmj.com/content/347/bmj.f4752 - Pavia AT Influenza A (H7N9): From anxiety to preparedness. Ann Intern Med 2013 Aug 6; 159:219 PMID: 23697995 http://annals.org/article.aspx
  10. Li Q, Zhou L, Zhou M et al Epidemiology of Human Infections with Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus in China. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:520-532February 6, 2014 PMID: 23614499 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1304617
  11. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Travel Advisory. Jan 16, 2017 Avian Flu (H7N9) in China https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/watch/avian-flu-h7n9
  12. World Health Organization (WHO). Human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus - China Disease outbreak news. 27 February 2017 http://www.who.int/csr/don/27-february-2017-ah7n9-china/en/
  13. Iuliano AD, Jang Y, Jones J, et al. Increase in Human Infections with Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus During the Fifth Epidemic - China, October 2016 - February 2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 3 March 2017 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6609e2.htm
  14. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h7n9-virus.htm