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influenza A H5N1 virus

Epidemiology: - virus jumped from poultry to humans in Hong Kong 1997 - airborne transmistion among ferrets [2] - pandemic variant of H5N1 could develop [2] - 2015 bird flu epidemic circulating among U.S. poultry [3] Pathology: - etiologic agent of avian flu - the virus is immune to the antiviral effects of interferons & tumor necrosis factor alpha Genetics: - Fatal flu virus resulting from point mutation in NS1 gene. Laboratory: - rRT-PCR Swine Flu Panel - influenza virus A serology - influenza virus A H5 Ab in serum - influenza virus A N1 Ab in serum - influenza virus A H5 RNA - influenza virus A H5 antigen - influenza virus identified by culture Complications: - high mortality (> 50%) [1] Management: - H5N1 vaccine FDA-approved Nov 2013 - vaccine may not be effective against avian epidemic of 2015 [3] - millions of chickens & turkeys were killed to stop spread of the virus - infected patients were isolate

Related

avian influenza A; H5N1 influenza; H5 influenza H5N1 influenza vaccine; avian flu vaccine (Audenz) swine flu

General

influenza A virus

Properties

KINGDOM: virus GENOME-TYPE: RNA SINGLE-STRANDED NEGATIVE-STRAND GENOME-SIZE: 14 kB ENVELOPE: PRESENT CAPSID-SYMMETRY: HELICAL

References

  1. Physician's First Watch, April 25, 2013 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society http://www.jwatch.org
  2. Zhang Y et al. H5N1 hybrid viruses bearing 2009/H1N1 virus genes transmit in guinea pigs by respiratory droplet. Science 2013 Jun 21; 340:1459 PMID: 23641061 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/340/6139/1459
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emergency Preparedness and Response. June 2, 2015 Bird Infections with Highly-Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N2), (H5N8), and (H5N1) Viruses: Recommendations for Human Health Investigations and Response. http://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00378.asp
  4. Journal Watch 22(20):149, 2002 - Seo SH et al Lethal H5N1 influenza viruses escape host anti-viral cytokine responses. Nat Med 8:950, 2002 PMID: 12195436
  5. Herfst S et al. Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets. Science 2012 Jun 22; 336:1534. PMID: 22723413 - Imai M et al. Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature 2012 Jun 21; 486:420 PMID: 22722205
  6. Laine C, Qaseem A, Moyer DV, Cotton D. H5N1 Influenza: What Physicians Need to Know. Ann Intern Med. 2024 Sep 10. PMID: 39250807 https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/ANNALS-24-02440
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/
  8. Key Facts About Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) & Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/gen-info/facts.htm