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inflammation
Immune response to infection or irritation
Epidemiology:
- seasonal variation in inflammation [3]
- in Eastern Europe, serum CRP & soluble IL6 receptor (markers of inflammation) increase during winter months [3]
- incidence of deaths due to cardiovascular disease & rheumatoid arthritis (presumed inflammatory) is greater in winter [3]
Clinical manifestations:
The 5 signs of inflammation:
1) Rubor (redness)
2) Calor (heat or warmth)
3) Dolor (pain)
4) Tumor (swelling)
5) Functio laesa (loss of function/organ dysfunction)
Laboratory:
Non-specific laboratory indicators of inflammation:
1) complete blood count
- anemia
- thrombocytosis
- eosinophilia
2) serum albumin: hypoalbuminemia
3) elevated ESR & serum CRP
4) increased acute-phase proteins
5) increased serum transaminases & serum LDH
Related
inflammatory markers (iAGE)
Specific
acute inflammation
acute phase reaction
adenitis
adenohypophysitis
apophysitis
arthritis
balanitis
balanoposthitis
blepharochalasis
capsulitis
carditis
cerebritis
cholecystitis
chondritis
chronic inflammation
cutaneous pseudolymphoma
dacryoadenitis
dactylitis (sausage digit)
dermatitis
discitis
duodenitis
encephalitis
enteritis
epicondylitis
episcleritis
esophagitis
eye infection (ocular inflammation including eyelid inflammation)
fasciitis
folliculitis
ganglionitis
gastritis
gastroenteritis
gingivitis
glossitis
hepatitis
hypophysitis
inflammation of unknown origin
inflammatory arthritis
inflammatory infiltrate
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
laryngitis
lymphadenitis
mastoiditis
medial retinaculitis
mediastinitis
meningitis
meniscitis
mucositis
myelitis
myofibrositis
myositis (inflammatory myopathy)
nephritis
neuritis
neuroinflammatory disease
onychia
ophthalmia; ophthalmitis
orbital inflammation
osteitis
osteochondritis
pancreatitis
paronychia
periarthritis
pericoronitis; operculitis
periostitis
pharyngitis
pneumonitis
pouchitis
proctitis (rectitis)
pulpitis
rash
retinitis
sacroiliitis
sclerosing mesenteritis
serositis
sesamoiditis
sigmoiditis
syndesmitis
systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
tendonitis (tendon injury)
thyroiditis
trochleitis
vaginitis
vasculitis
ventriculitis
vitreitis (hyalitis)
vulvitis
General
sign/symptom
References
- Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed)
Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 846
- Fontana L.
Neuroendocrine factors in the regulation of inflammation:
excessive adiposity and calorie restriction.
Exp Gerontol. 2009 Jan-Feb;44(1-2):41-5. Review.
PMID: 18502597
- Komaroff AL
Remarkable Seasonality in Human Immune System.
NEJM Journal Watch. May 28, 2015
Massachusetts Medical Society
(subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org
- Dopico XC et al.
Widespread seasonal gene expression reveals annual differences
in human immunity and physiology.
Nat Commun 2015 May 12; 6:7000
PMID: 25965853