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interleukin-6; IL-6; B-cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF-2; CTL differentiation factor; CDF; hybridoma growth factor; interferon beta-2; IFN-beta-2 (IL6, IFNB2)

Function: - IL6 is one of a few cytokines that appears to function, in part, via systemic effects [1] - stimulates final stages of B-lymphocyte maturation - stimulates hepatocyte synthesis of acute-phase proteins - down-regulates IL-1; up-regulates IL-1ra - induces nerve cell differentiation - IL-6 is secreted in response to activation of beta-adrenergic receptors through sympathetic stimulation or adrenaline, or in response to binding of IL-1 or TNF-alpha to their receptors - centrally administered IL-1 induces peripheral IL-6 secretion via opioid receptor-mediated pathways - circulating concentrations of IL-6 increase by several orders of magnitude during development of fever Structure: - N-glycosylated & O-glycosylated - belongs to the IL-6 superfamily Compartment: - secreted, plasma, CSF - IL-6 is transported across the blood brain barrier Expression: - IL-6 is produced within the CNS by microglia & perhaps neurons & astrocytes Polymorphism: - genetic variations in IL-6 may be correlated with bone mineral density - at least 1 polymorphism in the IL-6 gene renders HIV- infected men susceptible to Kaposi sarcoma - polymorphism(s) in IL6 may be associated with human longevity [10] Pathology: - induces myeloma & plasmacytoma growth - genetic variations in IL6 are associated with susceptibility to systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - chronic inflammation associated with elevated serum IL6 (> 2 ng/L) increases risk of mortality [11]

Related

interleukin-6 (IL6) in serum/plasma interleukin-6 receptor role of IL-6 in multiple myeloma

General

glycoprotein interferon beta; IFN-beta; fibroblast interferon (IFNB1, IFB, IFNB) interleukin

Properties

SIZE: entity length = 212 aa MW = 24 kD COMPARTMENT: extracellular compartment MOTIF: signal sequence {1-29} cysteine residue {C72} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C78} N-glycosylation site {N73} cysteine residue {C78} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C72} cysteine residue {C101} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C111} cysteine residue {C111} MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C101} SECRETED-BY: monocyte macrophage fibroblast T-cell endothelial cell microglia WITHIN: central nervous system

Database Correlations

OMIM correlations UniProt P05231 Pfam PF00489 Entrez Gene 3569 Kegg hsa:3569

References

  1. Hopkins SJ & Rothwell NJ Cytokines and the nervous system. I: Expression and recognition. TINS 18:83 1995 PMID: 7537419
  2. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
  3. Entrez Gene :accession 3569
  4. UniProt :accession P05231
  5. R&D systems' cytokine mini-reviews: IL-6 http://www.rndsystems.com/molecule_detail.aspx?m=1648
  6. Wikipedia; Note: interleukin-6 entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interleukin_6
  7. SeattleSNPs http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/il6/
  8. SHMPD; Singapore human mutation and polymorphism database http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=IL6
  9. Atlas of Genetics & Cytogenetics in Oncology & Haematology http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/genes/IL6ID519ch7p15.html
  10. Soerensen M et al Evidence from case-control and longitudinal studies supports associations of genetic variation in APOE, CETP, and IL6 with human longevity. PMID: 22234866
  11. Akbaraly TN et al Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes. CMAJ September 16, 2013 PMID: 24043651 http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2013/09/16/cmaj.122072