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interferon [IFN]-gamma; interferon type 2; immune interferon (IFNG)
Function:
- antiproliferative effects
- NK cell activation
- MHC class II expression
- antiviral effects
a) activation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase which in turn activates an endonuclease that degrades viral RNA
b) NK cell activation facilitates antiviral activity
- macrophage activation
- inhibition of IL-4
- can potentiate the antiviral & antitumor effects of the type 1 interferons
Structure:
- homodimer
- proteolytic processing produces C-terminal heterogeneity, with proteins ending alternatively at Gly-150, Met-157 or Gly-161
- belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family
Compartment: secreted
Expression:
- expressed & secreted primarily from activated T lymphocytes
Pathology:
- in Caucasians, genetic variation in IFNG is associated with risk of aplastic anemia
- higher plasma levels of IFN-gamma in cognitively intact older adults associated with slower cognitive decline independent of beta-amyloid burden [11]
Pharmacology:
- available under the name Actimmune (Genentech)
- used for reducing the frequency & severity of serious infections associated with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
Specific
interferon-gamma 1B
General
interferon
lymphokine
oligomerizing protein
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 166 aa
MW = 19 kD
COMPARTMENT: extracellular compartment
MOTIF: signal sequence {1-23}
N-glycosylation site {N48}
N-glycosylation site {N120}
SECRETED-BY: T helper 1 (Th1)
NK cell
Database Correlations
OMIM correlations
MORBIDMAP 147570
UniProt P01579
Pfam PF00714
Entrez Gene 3458
Kegg hsa:3458
References
- Devos R, Cheroutre H, Taya Y, Degrave W, Van Heuverswyn H, Fiers W.
Molecular cloning of human immune interferon cDNA and its
expression in eukaryotic cells.
Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Apr 24;10(8):2487-501.
PMID: 6176945
- Pestka S, Langer JA, Zoon KC, Samuel CE.
Interferons and their actions.
Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:727-77. Review.
PMID: 2441659
- Henderson & Blake
Therapeutic potential of cytokine manipulation
TIPS 13:145 1992
PMID: 1589908
- Scott P
IL-12: initiation cytokine for cell-mediated immunity
Science 260:496 1993
PMID: 8097337
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Entrez Gene :accession 3458
- UniProt :accession P01579
- GeneReviews
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/genetests/lab/gene/IFNG
- Wikipedia; Note: interferon gamma entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/interferon_gamma
- SeattleSNPs
http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/ifng/
- George J
Two Inflammatory Proteins Linked With Slower Cognitive Decline.
Surprise finding ties plasma cytokine levels with Alzheimer's
biomarkers and cognition.
MedPage Today June 23, 2021
https://www.medpagetoday.com/neurology/alzheimersdisease/93257
- Yang HS, Zhang C, Carlyle BC et al
Plasma IL-12/IFN-gamma axis predicts cognitive trajectories in cognitively
unimpaired older adults.
Alzheimer's & Dementia. 2021. June 23
PMID: 34160128
https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/alz.12399