hypoventilation

Etiology: 1) impaired respiratory drive a) peripheral & central chemoreceptor disorder - carotid body dysfunction, trauma - prolonged hypoxia - metabolic alkalosis b) brainstem respiratory neuron disorder - bulbar poliomyelitis, encephalitis - brainstem infarction, hemorrhage, trauma - brainstem demyelination, degeneration - chronic drug administration - primary alveolar hypoventilation syndrome 2) respiratory neuromuscular disorder a) spinal cord & peripheral nerve disorder - high cervical trauma - poliomyelitis - motor neuron disease - peripheral neuropathy b) respiratory muscle disorder - myasthenia gravis - muscular dystrophy - chronic myopathy 3) impaired respiratory system a) chest wall disorder - kyphoscoliosis - fibrothorax - thoracoplasty - ankylosing spondylitis - obesity-hypoventilation b) airway obstruction - laryngeal & tracheal stenosis - obstructive sleep apnea - cystic fibrosis - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Specific

central hypoventilation syndrome; primary alveolar hypoventilation; Ondine's curse sleep-related hypoventilation syndrome

References

Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed. Isselbacher et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1994, pg 1234