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sedative/hypnotic (tranquilizer)
Adverse effects:
- increased mortality risk in patients taking sedative/ hypnotics 30 times in the past month
- increased mortality (2-fold increase in 8 year mortality) [3]
- repeated use of general anesthetics & sedatives, or use for > 3 hours, in children < 3 years of age & in women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy could adversely affect child brain development [4]*
- prolonged exposure to sedative in children < 3 years of age may adversely affect brain development [5]
* ACOG takes issue with warning [4]
Interactions
drug adverse effects (more general classes)
Related
sleeping pill
tranquilizer
Specific
acepromazine; acetylpromazine (Atravet, Acezine 2)
atipamezole (Antisedan)
azatadine (Optimine)
benzodiazepine
brompheniramine (Dimetane)
buspirone (BuSpar)
butabarbital; secumalum; secbutabarbital (Butisol)
butalbital; allylbarbital (Profundol, Sandoptal)
carisoprodol (Soma, Rela)
chloral [hydrate] (Noctec)
chlormezanone (Trancopal)
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
clemastine (Tavist)
cyproheptadine (Periactin)
daridorexant; nemorexant (Quviviq)
detomidine (DORMOSEDAN)
dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
dichloralphenazone (Kloralfenazon)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Alledryl, Allergival)
eszopiclone (Lunesta)
ethchlorvynol (Placidyl)
gamma-hydroxybutyrate; sodium oxybate (Xyrem, Xywav, Anetamin, Somsanit, Lumryz, date rape drug)
glutethimide (Doriden)
hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
mephobarbital (Mebaral)
meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown)
methapyrilene (Paradormalene)
methaqualone (Quaalude, Mozambin)
methyprylon (Noludar)
opioid receptor agonist (narcotic)
paraldehyde
pentobarbital (Nembutal)
pheniramine (Tripoton)
propiomazine (Largon)
secobarbital (Seconal)
suvorexant (Belsomra)
thiopental (Pentothal)
triprolidine (Actidil)
zaleplon (Sonata)
zolpidem (Ambien, Zolpimist, Edluar, Intermezzo)
zopiclone (Imovane, Zimovane)
General
psychotropic agent
References
- UCLA Intensive Course in Geriatric Medicine & Board Review,
Marina Del Ray, CA, Sept 12-15, 2001
- FDA MedWatch
http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2007/safety07.htm#Sedative
- Weich S et al
Effect of anxiolytic and hypnotic drug prescriptions on
mortality hazards: retrospective cohort study.
BMJ 2014;348:g1996
PMID: 24647164
http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1996
- FDA Safety Alert. Dec 14, 2016
General Anesthetic and Sedation Drugs: Drug Safety Communication
- New Warnings for Young Children and Pregnant Women.
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm533195.htm
- FDA Drug Safety Communication: Dec 14, 2016
FDA review results in new warnings about using general
anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant
women.
http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm532356.htm
- - American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Dec 21, 2016
Practice Advisory: FDA Warnings Regarding Use of General
Anesthetics and Sedation Drugs in Young Children and
Pregnant Women.
http://www.acog.org/About-ACOG/News-Room/Practice-Advisories/FDA-Warnings-Regarding-Use-of-General-Anesthetics-and-Sedation-Drugs
- FDA Safety Alert. April 27, 2017
General Anesthetic and Sedation Drugs: Drug Safety Communication
- FDA Approves Label Changes for Use in Young Children.
https://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm555631.htm