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human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping
Biochemistry:
- HLA antigens confer the ability to produce an immune response to different antigens by determining if a molecule is histocompatible with the individual & for initiating an immune response if it is deemed foreign [1]
- HLA antigens function in antigen presentation to T cells
- an immune response is initiated through interaction of an antigen-presenting cell & a T-cell through recognition of the foreign antigen as incompatible with the HLA antigen [1]
Genetics:
- major histocompatibility complex is a set of genes that code for HLA antigens
- multiple genes code for different parts of the HLA antigens
- several possible combinations of gene products exist
- thus the likelihood of two individuals expressing identical HLA antigens is vanishingly small [1]
Expression:
- found in all nucleated cells
Specific
HLA-A genotyping
HLA-B genotyping
HLA-C genotyping
HLA-DP genotyping
HLA-DQ genotyping
HLA-DR genotyping
HLA-Dw genotyping
General
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) testing
genotyping (allele testing)
References
- Kamal S, Kerndt CC, Lappin SL
Genetics, Histocompatibility Antigen
National Library of Medicine, NCBI Bookshelf: StatPearls
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541023/