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Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1, HHV-1); human herpesvirus 1

Also see Herpes simplex. Epidemiology: 1) clinically affects 1/3 of population 2) serologic prevalence of infection is 85% 3) shed in saliva, tears & other bodily secretions 4) often acquired during childhood Pathology: 1) virulence factor ICP34.5 confers ability to replicate in non-dividing cells without PCNA actively engaged in DNA synthesis 2) HSV1716 mutant lacks virulence factor 3) CD111 & CD112 serve as receptors for HSV1 4) latent virus in nerve ganglion Biochemistry: - HSV1 protein ICP0 - HS3ST3A1, HS3ST3B1, HS3ST5 & HS3ST6-catalyzed substrate- specific O-sulfation generate an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor for Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) & permits its entry. Clinical manifestations: 1) associated primarily with oral infections 2) 15% of genital infections 3) most of Herpes eye infections 4) most of Herpes digital infections 5) recurrent infections most commonly occur on vermilion border of the lips (herpes labialis) 6) pharyngitis 7) vesicle is primary lesion of herpes simplex * images [8] Laboratory: - Herpes simplex virus 1 culture - Herpes simplex virus 1 DNA - Herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein G IgG - Herpes simplex virus 1 Ag in tissue - see Herpes simplex - see ARUP consult [6] Complications: - viral encephalitis in immunocompromised patients [2] - Bell's palsy Management: (see Herpes simplex)

Related

gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex labialis (cold sore)

General

Herpes simplex (HSV) or Herpes hominis

Properties

KINGDOM: virus GENOME-TYPE: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) DOUBLE-STRANDED GENOME-SIZE: 120-200 kB ENVELOPE: PRESENT CAPSID-SYMMETRY: ICOSAHEDRAL

References

  1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 15, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2009, 2015, 2018.
  2. Ferri's Clinical Advisor, Instant Diagnosis and Treatment, Ferri FF (ed), Mosby, Philadelphia, 2003
  3. Harland DA et al Proliferative activityy and in vitro replication of HSV1716 in human metastatic brain tumours J Gene Med 2003 Aug: 5(8):681-9 PMID: 12898637
  4. Cherpes TL et al, Cunnilingus and vaginal intercourse are risk factors for herpes simplex type 1 acquisition in women. Sex Transm Dis 32:84, 2005 PMID: 15668613
  5. Corey L. Synergistic copathogens--HIV-1 and HSV-2. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 22;356(8):854-6 PMID: 17314346
  6. ARUP Consult: Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/herpes-simplex-virus
  7. Rice CM et al A Creeping Suspicion. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:68-73July 3, 2014 PMID: 24988560 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcps1212310
  8. Brady MP (images) Cutaneous and Mucosal Manifestations of Viral Diseases. Medscape. March 2017 http://reference.medscape.com/features/slideshow/viral-skin