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lifestyle & health

Management: 1) behavioral counseling may lead to sustained lifestyle changes, weight reduction, & lower blood pressure [1] 2) behaviors or achievements reducing cardiovascular mortality & overall mortality - not smoking - moderate exercise at least 5 times a week - untreated blood pressure under 120/80 mm Hg - HbA1c < 5.7% - serum total cholesterol < 200 mg/dL - BMI less than 25; - diet high in fruits & vegetables, fish, & whole grains, & low in sodium & sugary beverages [2] 3) mobile technology lifestyle-modification programs in which pedometers & web-based communications are used to encouragephysical activity are effective in community & workplace settings across a wide spectrum of incomes [4] 4) also see lifestyle for brain health Notes: - a healthy lifestyle in midlife can add up to 10 years of disease-free life [6] - a healthy lifestyle may provide cognitive reserve to enable elderly to maintain cognitive function in late life [7] - adults may use antihypertensives &/or statins as substitutes for a healthy lifestyle [5]

Related

diet exercise healthy (successful) aging; sustained independence Lifestyle for Brain Health index (LIBRA) standard of living

Specific

sedentary lifestyle; physical inactivity

General

health risk factor(s)

References

  1. Elmer PJ, Obarzanek E, Vollmer WM, Simons-Morton D, Stevens VJ, Young DR, Lin PH, Champagne C, Harsha DW, Svetkey LP, Ard J, Brantley PJ, Proschan MA, Erlinger TP, Appel LJ; PREMIER Collaborative Research Group. Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on diet, weight, physical fitness, and blood pressure control: 18-month results of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Apr 4;144(7):485-95. PMID: 16585662
  2. Yang Q et al Trends in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Associations With All-Cause and CVD Mortality Among US Adults JAMA, March 16, 2012. PMID: 22427615 http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/early/2012/03/12/jama.2012.339.full - Lloyd-Jones DM Improving the Cardiovascular Health of the US Population JAMA, March 16, 2012. PMID: 22427616 http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/early/2012/03/12/jama.2012.361.full
  3. Eckel RH et al 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk on Adults. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. Nov 12, 2013 PMID: 24222015 http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1
  4. Ganesan AN et al. International mobile-health intervention on physical activity, sitting, and weight: The Stepathlon cardiovascular health study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016 Apr 3; PMID: 27050185
  5. Korhonen MJ, Pentti J, Hartikainen J et al Lifestyle Changes in Relation to Initiation of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Medication: A Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e014168. Feb 5 PMID: 32019405 Free Article https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.119.014168
  6. Li Y, Schoufour J, Wang DD et al. Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2020 Jan 8;368:l6669. PMID: 31915124 Free Article
  7. Dhana K, Agarwal P, James BD et al. Healthy lifestyle and cognition in older adults with common neuropathologies of dementia. JAMA Neurol 2024 Mar 1; 81:233 PMID: 38315471 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2814688