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Epidemiology: - adults without health insurance with 40% higher relative risk for death than insured adults [1] - diffucult to prove health insurance lengthens life expectancy [5] - 9.2% of American lack Health insurance in 2015 [4] Notes: - average cost of employer-sponsored family health coverage in 2012 is $15,745/year - health insurance costs increased faster than income 2003-2011 - deductables increased more than 2-fold - employees share of health insurance premiums increased 75% - median household income increased 10% [3]

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References

  1. Wilper AP et al Health insurance and mortality in US adults. Am J Public Health 2009 Dec; 99:2289. PMID: 19762659
  2. Claxton G et al Health Benefits In 2012: Moderate Premium Increases For Employer-Sponsored Plans; Young Adults Gained Coverage Under ACA Health Affairs PMID: 22968046 http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/early/2012/09/07/hlthaff.2012.0708.abstract
  3. Schoen C et al State Trends in Premiums and Deductibles, 2003-2011: Eroding Protection and Rising Costs Underscore Need for Action. The Commonwealth Fund. Dec 12, 2012 http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Publications/Issue-Briefs/2012/Dec/State-Trends-in-Premiums-and-Deductibles.aspx
  4. Cohen RA, Martinez M E. Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, January-March 2015. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf
  5. Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU. The Relationship of Health Insurance and Mortality: Is Lack of Insurance Deadly? Ann Intern Med. June 27, 2017 PMID: 28655034 http://annals.org/aim/article/2635326/relationship-health-insurance-mortality-lack-insurance-deadly