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hammertoe; hallux malleus; digiti flexus

Clinical manifestations: - contracture of proximal interphalangeal joint or distal interphalangeal joint (or both) of the toe resulting in a 'hammer' shaped toe - most commonly involves the 2nd toe - a corn frequently develops at the pressure point over the proximal interphalangeal joint (shoe contact) * * * * * * * * * Management: - orthotics - refer to podiatry or orthopedics for surgical options

Related

toe

General

foot deformity joint disease; articular disease; arthropathy

References

  1. Stedman's Medical Dictionary 27th ed, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1999
  2. Guide to Physical Examination & History Taking, 6th edition, Bates B, JB Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1995, pg 488
  3. Geriatrics at your Fingertips, 13th edition, 2011 Reuben DB et al (eds) American Geriatric Society
  4. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013