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histone H3.3; histone-H3.B; H3 histone, family 3B (H3.3B, H3F3A, H33A, H3F3, PP781, H3F3B, H33B)
Function:
- variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes
- constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells & is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis
- deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin
- acetylation is generally linked to gene activation
- acetylation on Lys-10 impairs methylation at Arg-9
- acetylation on Lys-19 & Lys-24 favors methylation at Arg-18
- citrullination at Arg-9 &/or Arg-18 by PADI4 impairs methylation & represses transcription
- asymmetric dimethylation at Arg-18 by CARM1 is linked to gene activation
- symmetric dimethylation at Arg-9 by PRMT5 is linked to gene repression
- specifically enriched in modifications associated with active chromatin such as methylation at Lys-5, Lys-37 & Lys-80
- methylation at Lys-5 facilitates subsequent acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- methylation at Lys-80 is associated with DNA double-strand break responses & is a specific target for TP53BP1
- methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28, linked to gene repression, are underrepresented
- methylation at Lys-10 is a specific target for HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) & prevents subsequent phosphorylation at Ser-11 & acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- methylation at Lys-5 & Lys-80 require preliminary monoubiquitination of H2B at Lys-120
- methylation at Lys-10 & Lys-28 are enriched in inactive X chromosome chromatin
- phosphorylated at Thr-4 by GSG2/haspin during prophase & dephosphorylated during anaphase
- at centromeres, specifically phosphorylated at Thr-12 from prophase to early anaphase, probably by DAPK3
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 by AURKB is crucial for chromosome condensation & cell-cycle progression during mitosis & meiosis
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 by RPS6KA4 & RPS6KA5 during interphase enables transcription of genes following external stimulation (mitogens, stress, growth factors, UV radiation) & results in activation of genes including c-fos & c-jun
- phosphorylation at Ser-11, linked to gene activation, prevents methylation at Lys-10 but facilitates acetylation of histone H3 & histone H4
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 by AURKB mediates the dissociation of HP1 proteins (CBX1, CBX3 & CBX5) from heterochromatin
- phosphorylation at Ser-11 is also an essential regulatory mechanism for neoplastic cell transformation
- phosphorylated at Ser-29 by MLTK isoform 1, RPS6KA5 or AURKB during mitosis or upon ultraviolet B irradiation
- phosphorylation on Ser-32 is specific to regions bordering centromeres in metaphase chromosomes ubiquitinated (putative)
Structure: belongs to the histone H3 family
Compartment: nucleus
Expression:
- expressed throughout the cell cycle
- independently of DNA synthesis
General
histone-H3
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 136 aa
MW = 15 kD
COMPARTMENT: cell nucleus
MOTIF: Thr phosphorylation site {T4}
Ser phosphorylation site {S11}
Thr phosphorylation site {T12}
Ser phosphorylation site {S29}
Ser phosphorylation site {S32}
Database Correlations
OMIM correlations
UniProt P84243
Pfam PF00125
LOCUS-LINK correlations
KEGG correlations
References
- UniProt :accession P84243
- Wikipedia; Note: histone H3 entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/histone_H3