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H1 receptor antagonist (antihistamine)
Indications:
1) treatment of allergic rhinitis
2) treatment of pruritus & urticaria
Adverse effects:
1) sedation
2) sleepiness
3) decreased motor skills
4) anticholinergic effects
Laboratory:
- antihistamines in body fluid
- antihistamines in blood
- antihistamines in gastric fluid
- antihistamines in serum/plasma
- antihistamines in urine
Mechanism of action:
1) controls sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea
2) does not benefit nasal congestion
3) inhibits mast-cell activation
4) non-sedating antihistamines do not cross blood-brain barrier
Interactions
drug adverse effects of H1 receptor antagonists
Specific
acepromazine; acetylpromazine (Atravet, Acezine 2)
acrivastine
alcaftadine (LASTACAFT)
antazoline (Vasocon-A)
astemizole (Hismanal)
azatadine (Optimine)
azelastine (Astelin, Optivar, Azeptin, Azelastinum, Astepro)
bepotastine (Bepreve)
brompheniramine (Dimetane)
carbinoxamine; rotaxamine (Allergefon, Lergefin, Ciberon, Clistin, Rotoxamina)
cetirizine (Zyrtec, Alertisin, Reactine, Zerviate)
chlorcyclizine
chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
clemastine (Tavist)
cyclizine (Marezine, Nautazine)
cyproheptadine (Periactin)
desloratadine (Clarinex)
dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Alledryl, Allergival)
doxylamine (UniSom)
emedastine (Emadine, Rapimine, Daren)
epinastine (Elestat, Alesion)
fexofenadine (Allegra)
hydroxyzine (Atarax, Vistaril)
ketotifen (Zaditor, Zaditen, Alaway, Claritin Eye, Zyrtec Itchy Eye Drops)
laropiprant
latrepirdine (Dimebon, dimeboline, dimebolin)
loratadine (Claritin)
methapyrilene (Paradormalene)
olopatadine (Patanol, Pataday)
orphenadrine (Norflex)
phenindamine (Nolahist)
pheniramine (Tripoton)
phentoloxamine; phenoxadrine
phenyltoloxamine
promethazine (Phenergan, Farganesse)
pyrilamine (Mepyramine)
terfenadine (Seldane)
tripelennamine (PBZ, Pyribenzamine, Pyrinamine, Stanzamine)
triprolidine (Actidil)
General
histamine receptor antagonist (antihistamine)
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012
- Prescriber's Letter 15(7): 2008
Comparison of Antihistamines
Detail-Document#: 240707
(subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- O'Donoghue M, Tharp MD.
Antihistamines and their role as antipruritics.
Dermatol Ther. 2005 Jul-Aug;18(4):333-40.
PMID: 16297006