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football

see athletics for soccer Complications: - trauma - cerebral concussion - tackle football begun before age 12 may increase risk of traumatic brain injury in professional football players [1] - 16 of 40 retired National Football League players show MRI evidence of traumatic brain injury [2] - chronic traumatic encephalopathy found in all but 1 of 111 donated brains from retired National Football League players (99%) [4] - no increase risk of suicide in ex-NFL players [3] - no increase risk of all-cause mortality [5]

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athletics

References

  1. Stamm JM et al. Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players. Neurology 2015 Jan 28 PMID: 25632088 - Filley CM and Bernick C. Children and football: A cautionary tale. Neurology 2015 Jan 28 PMID: 25632092
  2. American Academy of Neurology. Press Release. April 11, 2016 Study: More than 40 Percent of Retired NFL Players Had Brain Injury. https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1453
  3. Lehman EJ et al Suicide Mortality Among Retired National Football League Players Who Played 5 or More Seasons. Am J Sports Med May 5, 2016 PMID: 27159317 http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/05/04/0363546516645093.abstract
  4. Mez J, Daneshvar DH, Kiernan PT et al Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football. JAMA. 2017;318(4):360-370 PMID: 28742910 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2645104 - Rabinovici GD Advances and Gaps in Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. From Pugilists to American Football Players. JAMA. 2017;318(4):338-340. PMID: 28742889 http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2645082
  5. Venkataramani AS, Gandhavadi M, Jena AB et al Association Between Playing American Football in the National Football League and Long-term Mortality. JAMA. 2018;319(8):800-806. February 1, 2018 PMID: 29392304 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2671028 - DeKosky ST, Jaffee M, Bauer R. Long-term Mortality in NFL Professional Football Players. No Significant Increase, but Questions Remain. JAMA. 2018;319(8):773-775. February 1, 2018 PMID: 29392297 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2671709