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extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO)
A heart-lung bypass device that oxygenates venous blood.
Indications:
same as for cardiopulmonary bypass
- cardiac surgery
- CABG
- cardiac transplantation
- congenital heart disease
- transposition of the great vessels
- ventricular septal defect
- atrial septal defect
- valvular heart disease
- lung transplantation
- vascular surgery involving the aortic root &/or ascending thoracic aorta
- heart failure
- severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19? [2]
Contraindications:
- venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of no benefit for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]
Notes:
- prone positioning does not reduce the time to ECMO weaning in patients with severe ARDS [3]
General
device (medical device)
References
- Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G et al
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1965-1975. May 24, 2018
PMID: 29791822
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1800385
- Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA.
Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.
JAMA. Published online March 11, 2020
PMID: 32159735
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762996
- Schmidt M, Hajage D, Lebreton G et al
Prone Positioning During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Patients With
Severe ARDS. The PRONECMO Randomized Clinical Trial.
JAMA. Published online December 1, 2023
PMID: 38038395
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2812529