etiology of myocarditis

Etiology: 1) infectious a) viral - coxsackie A & coxsackie B - echoviruses - polio - mumps - rubeola - influenza A & influenza B - rabies - rubella - dengue - chikungunya - HIV-1 - yellow fever - Argentinean hemorrhagic fever - Bolivian hemorrhagic fever - lymphocytic choriomeningitis - adenovirus - varicella-zoster - cytomegalovirus - Epstein-Barr - vaccinia - variola - hepatitis B b) bacterial - Corynebacterium diphtheria - Clostridium perfringens - Streptococcus pyogenes - Neisseria meningitidis - Salmonella - Brucella - Staphylococcus aureus - Listeria monocytogenes - Legionella pneumophila - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Chlamydia psittaci - Chlamydia pneumoniae - Rickettsia rickettsii - Rickettsia tsutsugamushi - Borrelia burgdorferi c) fungal - Aspergillus - Candida - Cryptococcus d) parasitic - Trypanosoma cruzi - Trypanosoma gambiense - Trypanosoma rhodesiense - Trichinella spiralis - Toxoplasma gondii 2) non-infectious a) connective tissue diseases - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - systemic sclerosis - rheumatoid arthritis - polymyositis/dermatomyositis - Still's disease b) thyrotoxicosis c) thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) d) pheochromocytoma e) peripartum f) radiation g) pharmacologic agents - direct toxic effects - cocaine - alcohol - emetine - catecholamines - arsenic - cyclophosphamide - daunorubicin - adriamycin - hypersensitivity - methyldopa - sulfonamides - tetracycline h) Kawasaki disease i) giant cell myocarditis j) sarcoidosis k) spider bites l) wasp stings m) scorpion bites

References

Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998