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erythropoietin (EPO)
Also see erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
Function:
- principal hormone involved in regulation of erythrocyte differentiation & maintenance of circulating erythrocyte mass
Structure: belongs to the EPO/TPO family
Compartment: secreted
Expression:
- produced primarily in the peritubular cells of the kidney
- made by interstitial peritubular fibrobasts [8]
- a small amount is produced by the liver
- production of EPO is regulated almost exclusively at the level of transcription
- it is not stored, but excreted immediately. [4]
Pharmacokinetics:
1) 10% excreted in the urine
2) removal of sialic acid exposes galactose residues subject to degradation by hepatic galactose receptors [4]
Pathology:
- genetic variation in EPO is associated with susceptbility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 2
Pharmacology:
- available as epoetin
- epoetin-alfa, epoetin-beta, epoetin-delta, epoetin-omega. epoetin-zeta
Related
erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
erythropoietin in serum
erythropoietin receptor; EPO-R (EPOR)
gene
Specific
carbamylated erythropoietin (CEPO)
darbepoetin-alfa (Aranesp)
epoetin-alfa (Epogen, Procrit, Eprex)
General
alpha 2 globulin
hematopoietic cell growth factor
sialoglycoprotein
Properties
SIZE: entity length = 193 aa
MW = 21 kD
COMPARTMENT: extracellular compartment
MOTIF: signal sequence {1-27}
cysteine residue {C34}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C188}
N-glycosylation site {N51}
cysteine residue {C56}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C60}
cysteine residue {C60}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C56}
N-glycosylation site {N65}
N-glycosylation site {N110}
Ser glycosylation site {S153}
cysteine residue {C188}
MODIFICATION: cysteine residue {C34}
SECRETED-BY: peritubular cell
WITHIN: kidney
kupffer cell
WITHIN: liver
MISC-INFO: 1/2life 4-13 HOURS
Database Correlations
OMIM correlations
MORBIDMAP 133170
UniProt P01588
Pfam PF00758
Entrez Gene 2056
Kegg hsa:2056
References
- UniProt :accession P01588
- R&D systems' cytokine source book: erythropoietin
http://www.rndsystems.com/molecule_detail.aspx?m=1405
- Wikipedia; Note: erythropoietin entry
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/erythropoietin
- Yoshimura A, Longmore G, Lodish HF.
Point mutation in the exoplasmic domain of the erythropoietin
receptor resulting in hormone-independent activation and
tumorigenicity.
Nature. 1990 Dec 13;348(6302):647-9.
PMID: 2174515
- Krantz SB.
Erythropoietin.
Blood. 1991 Feb 1;77(3):419-34. Review.
PMID: 1991159
- Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed)
Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 412-13
- Williams Hematology, 5th ed, Beutler et al (eds), McGraw Hill,
NY, 1995, pg 435
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17,
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015