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ectopic/dystrophic calcification
Etiology:
- atherosclerosis
- arterial calcification
- coronary artery calcification
- calcific tendonitis
- urinary calculus, calcium stone
- nephrocalcinosis
- also see differential diagnosis
Pathology:
- calcification of necrotic cells & cellular debris not removed by phagocytes
Differential diagnosis:
- vascular disease
- venous insufficiency
- Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
- infection
- granulomatous infection
- caseous necrosis in tuberculosis most common
- parasitic infestation
- cysticercosis
- dracunculiasis
- Armillifer armillatus
- neoplasm
- osteosarcoma
- other sarcomas: synovial sarcoma, osteoma, leiomyoma
- oligodendroglioma
- tumor necrosis
- autoimmune disease
- dermatomyositis
- scleroderma, CREST syndrome
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- sarcoidosis
- drugs
- vitamin D
- milk-alkali syndrome
- trauma
- heterotopic ossification
- myositis ossificans
- injection granuloma
Related
Greenberg skeletal dysplasia; hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia
metastatic calcification
ossification (primary/secondary)
Specific
arterial calcification
calcific tendonitis
intracranial calcification
mitral valve calcification
nephrocalcinosis
General
calcification
chronic kidney disease-mineral & bone disorder (CKD-MBD)
References
- Cotran et al Robbins Pathologic Basis of Disease,
5th ed. W.B. Saunders Co, Philadelphia, PA 1994 pg 17
- Rock PJ
Dystrophic soft tissue calcification
Radiopaedia. 2021. April 13
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/dystrophic-soft-tissue-calcification-1
- Wikipedia: Dystrophic calcification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_calcification