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dysbiosis

Pathology: - disruption of intestinal bacteria-host bidirectional communication [1] - intestinal dysbiosis is a common feature of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) & Alzheimer's disease (AD) - Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria) & Actinomycetota (Actinobacteria) are increased in MCI & AD - Faecalibacterium & Roseburia are consistently reduced in MCI & AD in a small number of studies. [2] - some antibiotics can disrupt gut bacteria balance for up to 8 years after a single round of use - clindamycin, fluoroquinolones & flucloxacillin had the most lasting negative effects [3] - penicillin V & some extended-spectrum penicillins not so much [3]

General

pathologic process

References

  1. Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L et al Hallmarks of Aging: An expanding universe. Cell. 2022 Dec 26:S0092-8674(22)01377-0 PMID: 36599349 Review. https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0092-8674%2822%2901377-0
  2. Warren A, Wynia Z, Corr PG et al The microbiota-gut-brain axis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review of human studies. Alzheimers Dement. 2026 Jan;22(1):e71023. PMID: 41568738 PMCID: PMC12825029 Free PMC article.
  3. Baldanzi G, Larsson A, Sayols-Baixeras S et al Antibiotic use and gut microbiome composition links from individual-level prescription data of 14,979 individuals. Nat Med. 2026 Mar 11. doi: 10.1038/s41591-026-04284-y. Online ahead of print. PMID: 41814006