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diazoxide (Hyperstat, Hypertonalum, Proglycem)
Tradename: Hyperstat.
Indications:
- hypertensive emergency
- insulinoma, hyperinsulinism
- hypoglycemia in infants [2]
- nesidioblastosis [2]
Contraindications: Caution:
-> increases myocardial oxygen consumption, thus is considered a 2nd or 3rd line agent in treatment of hypertensive emergencies
Dosage:
- 1-3 mg/kg up to 150 mg IV every 5-15 min
- 50-100 mg IV every 5-10 min until satisfactory blood pressure
Pharmacokinetics:
- onset of action: 3-5 min
Adverse effects:
1) tachycardia
2) palpitations
3) flushing
4) headache
5) nausea/vomiting
6) aggravation of angina &/or congestive heart failure (CHF)
7) hyperglycemia
8) hypotension
9) hypertrichosis
10) pulmonary hypertension (case reports)
- improvement when diazoxide stopped [3]
Mechanism of action:
- direct arterial vasodilating agent
- inhibits secretion of insulin from pancreas
- activates potassium channels
Interactions
drug interactions
drug adverse effects of antihypertensive agents
General
vasodilator agent
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route LIVER
onset-of-action 1-5 MIN {IV}
1/2life 17-31 MIN
pregnancy-category C
safety in lactation -
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed.
Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- Deprecated Reference
- FDA Safety Alert. July 16, 2015
Proglycem (diazoxide): Drug Safety Communication -
Reports of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants and Newborns.
http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm455125.htm