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diabetes mellitus complication

Etiology: - medical non-compliance is a common cause of diabetes mellitus complication Epidemiology: - men at greater risk of complications diabetes complications than women [12] Complications: - hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma more common than diabetic ketoacidosis [1] - increased risk for cardiovascular disease a) coronary artery disease b) cerebrovascular disease c) peripheral vascular disease - microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus a) diabetic nephropathy b) diabetic retinopathy c) diabetic polyneuropathy [1] - cancer may exceed cardiovascular disease as a leading cause of death in adults with type 2 diabetes [11] - mortality from colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, & endometrial cancer may contribute [11] - increased mortality - acanthosis nigricans - gastroparesis - increases risk of small intestine bacterial overgrowth - increased risk of geriatric syndromes [2,3,4] a) polypharmacy b) urinary incontinence c) falls in the elderly d) cognitive impairment (MCI, dementia) [2,9] - diabetes mellitus type 2 for >10 years doubles risk of dementia at age 70 [10] e) depression f) chronic pain g) functional impairment h) disablity [2] - also see diabetes mellitus type 2 Complications:

Related

Diabetes Control & Complications Trial (DCCT) diabetes mellitus

Specific

bullous diabeticorum diabetic coma diabetic eye disease; diabetic oculopathy diabetic foot diabetic foot ulcer; diabetic foot lesion; diabetic lower extremity lesion diabetic gastroparesis diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) diabetic scleredema diabetic teeth & gum problems hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar syndrome; hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC) immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus impotence in diabetics microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus microvascular disease necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum [NLD] rheumatologic complication of diabetes mellitus

General

complication

References

  1. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018.
  2. Geriatric Review Syllabus, 8th edition (GRS8) Durso SC and Sullivan GN (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2013 - Geriatric Review Syllabus, 10th edition (GRS10) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2019
  3. Araki A, Ito H. Diabetes mellitus and geriatric syndromes. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2009 Jun;9(2):105-14. PMID: 19740352
  4. Vischer UM, Bauduceau B, Bourdel-Marchasson I et al A call to incorporate the prevention and treatment of geriatric disorders in the management of diabetes in the elderly. Diabetes Metab. 2009 Jun;35(3):168-77. PMID: 19446486
  5. Valensi P, Picard S. Lipids, lipid-lowering therapy and diabetes complications. Diabetes Metab. 2011 Feb;37(1):15-24. Review. PMID: 21126902
  6. Palmer BF, Clegg DJ Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:548-559. August 6, 2015 PMID: 26244308 http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1503102
  7. American Diabetes Association. (9) Microvascular complications and foot care. Diabetes Care. 2015 Jan;38 Suppl:S58-66 PMID: 25537710
  8. Murphy-Chutorian B, Han G, Cohen SR. Dermatologic manifestations of diabetes mellitus: a review. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2013 Dec;42(4):869-98. Review. PMID: 24286954
  9. Ma F, Wu T, Miao R, Xiao YY, Zhang W, Huang G. Conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia among subjects with diabetes: a population-based study of incidence and risk factors with five years of follow-up. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;43(4):1441-9. PMID: 25159674
  10. Barbiellini Amidei C et al. Association between age at diabetes onset and subsequent risk of dementia. JAMA 2021 Apr 27; 325:1640. PMID: 33904867 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2779197
  11. Busko M More Type 2 Diabetes Deaths From Cancer Than Heart Disease. Medscape. Jan 26, 2023 https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987534 - Ling S, Zaccardi F, Issa E et al Inequalities in cancer mortality trends in people with type 2 diabetes: 20 year population-based study in England. Diabetologia. 2023. Jan 24. PMID: 36690836 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00125-022-05854-8
  12. Gibson AA, Cox E, Schneuer FJ et al Sex differences in risk of incident microvascular and macrovascular complications: a population-based data-linkage study among 25 713 people with diabetes. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2024 May 16:jech-2023-221759. PMID: 38755015 Free article https://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2024/04/17/jech-2023-221759