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dacarbazine (DTIC)
Indications:
1) malignant melanoma
2) neuroblastoma
3) soft tissue sarcomas
4) refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (used in ABVD regimen)
5) islet cell tumor
Dosage:
1) 375 mg/m2 IV on days 1 & 15 on the month
2) 50-250 mg/m2/day for 5 days; repeat every 3 weeks
3) 75-125 mg/m2/day for 10 days; repeat every 4 weeks
Injection: 100 mg, 200 mg.
Monitor:
1) signs of extravasation during IV administration
2) complete blood count (CBC)
Pharmacokinetics:
1) activated by hepatic microsomal oxidases
2) 10-15% penetrates CSF
3) eliminated in the urine
4) 1/2life is 5 hours
Adverse effects: (worse with consecutive doses)
1) common (> 10%)
- nausea/vomiting (moderate to severe)
- diarrhea
- myelosuppression
- dose related
- onset: 7 days; nadir 10-14 days; recovery 21-28 days
- leukopenia (mild)
- thrombocytopenia (mild) may be delayed 2-3 weeks
2) less common (1-10%)
- facial flushing, paresthesias, alopecia, rash, anorexia, metallic taste, flu-like syndrome
3) uncommon (< 1%)
- anaphylaxis, hepatotoxicity, stomatitis, photosensitivity,
4) other
- phlebitis
- neurotoxicity
- tissue necrosis after extravasation
- orthostatic hypotension
Drug interactions:
- phenytoin, phenobarbital, rifampin may increase metabolism of dacarbazine
Test interactions: increases serum K+
Mechanism of action:
1) alkylating agent
2) vesicant
Interactions
drug adverse effects of alkylating agents
General
alkylating agent triazene
Properties
MISC-INFO: elimination route KIDNEY
1/2life 5 HOURS
Database Correlations
PUBCHEM correlations
References
- Drug Information & Medication Formulary, Veterans Affairs,
Central California Health Care System, 1st ed., Ravnan et al
eds, 1998
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Regional Drug
Formulary, 1998
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, American
College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998
- Deprecated Reference
Component-of
brentuximab vedotin/doxorubicin/vinblastine/dacarbazine (A+AVD)
doxorubicin (Adriamycin)/bleomycin/vinblastine/dacarbazine (ABVD)