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cystine stone
Etiology: cystinuria
Epidemiology:
- tends to occur at a younger age than calcium stones
Laboratory:
- cystine in urine
- urine microscopy hexagonal crystals in urine
Management:
1) hydration
2) alkalinization of urine to pH > 6.5
a) potassium citrate
b) potassium bicarbonate
3) penicillamine
4) tiopronin (alpha-mercaptopropionyl glycine)
5) captopril may have benefits similar to penicillamine
Related
cystinuria
General
urinary calculus (stone, nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis)
References
- Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16, 19.
American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2021