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Cyclospora cayetanensis

Originally described as a blue-green algae, cyanobacterium-like body or coccian-like body. Epidemiology: 1) recovered from patients in several countries, including USA 2) disease is more common in the summer 3) cause of traveler's diarrhea 4) can cause outbreaks of diarrhea in filtered & chlorinated water 5) 200 cases of cyclosporiasis in Iowa, Nebraska, Texas, & Wisconsin in 2013 [4] 6) Outbreaks in Nebraska and Iowa 2013 linked to bagged salad & fresh cilantro grown in Mexico Pathology: 1) oocysts pass unsporulated 2) 1-2 weeks are required for sporulation 3) each mature oocyst contains 2 sporocysts, each with 2 sporozoites Clinical manifestations: - see cyclosporiasis Laboratory: 1) Cyclospora cayetanensis in specimen a) diagnosis is made by recovery of oocysts in feces b) oocysts - nonrefractile spheres measuring 8-10 um containing a cluster of refractile globules enclosed within a membrane - with trichrome stains, appear clear, round & somewhat wrinkled - stain with acid fast stains - auramine-O - modified Kinyoun method - autofluoresce bright green to intense blue under UV- epifluorescence 2) Cyclospora cayetanensis DNA Management: - trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Related

oocyst sporocyst sporozoite sporulation

General

Cyclospora

Properties

KINGDOM: animal PHYLUM: protozoa

References

  1. Clinical Diagnosis & Management by Laboratory Methods, 19th edition, J.B. Henry (ed), W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA. 1996, pg 1281
  2. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 1204
  3. Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2018
  4. FDA: Food. Posted July 22, 2013 FDA Investigates Multistate Outbreak of Cyclosporiasis http://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/Outbreaks/ucm361637.htm
  5. Physician's First Watch, August 1, 2013 David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH, Editor-in-Chief Massachusetts Medical Society (see CDC site) http://www.jwatch.org
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC) Parasites - Cyclosporiasis (Cyclospora Infection) Investigation of an Outbreak of Cyclosporiasis in the United States. Updated Oct 23, 2013 http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cyclosporiasis/outbreaks/investigation-2013.html