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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)
Etiology:
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Epidemiology:
- first characterized in the Crimea in 1944
- later recognized in 1969 in the Congo
- Eastern & Souther Europe
- throughout the Mediterranean
- northwestern China
- central Asia
- Africa
- Middle East
- India
- tick-borne viral infection
Clinical manifestations:
- sudden onset with headache, high fever, back pain, arthralgia, abdominal pain, & vomiting
- red eyes, facial flushing, pharyngitis, & petechiae on the palate are common
- jaundice may occu
- in severe cases, changes in mood & sensory perception
- severe bruising, severe epistaxis, & uncontrolled bleeding at injection sites beginning at day 4, lasting for 2 weeks [2]
Laboratory:
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus IgG in serum
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus IgM in serum
- Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus RNA
Complications:
- mortality in hospitalized patients 9-50% [2]
Management:
- primarily supportive
- virus is sensitive in vitro to ribavirin [2]
General
viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome; hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis
References
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
WHO Fact sheet N 208 January 2013
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs208/en/
- Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF)
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/crimean-congo/index.html
- Wikipedia: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean%E2%80%93Congo_hemorrhagic_fever
- Appannanavar SB, Mishra B.
An update on crimean congo hemorrhagic Fever.
J Glob Infect Dis. 2011 Jul;3(3):285-92.
PMID: 21887063 Free PMC Article
- Whitehouse CA
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
Antiviral Res. 2004 Dec;64(3):145-60. Review.
PMID: 15550268