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coronavirus; sarbecovirus

Epidemiology: - 10-30% of upper respiratory tract infections in adults - seven strains known to infect humans: HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 which tend to be self-resolving & SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV & SARS-CoV2 which can cause lethal respiratory disease [4] - greatest variety of coronaviruses found in bats - 400,000 people/year are infected in South & Southeast Asia with coronavirus acquired from bats [6] Pathology: - causes respiratory disease or gastrointestinal disease in a variety of vertebrates (MeSH) - 4 seasonal coronaviruses cause ~30% of common colds [7] - antibodies to these coronaviruses may hinder responses of SARS-CoV2 [7] Genetics: - 16-21 kB RNA virus Notes: - broadly neutralizing antibodies that neutralize all coronaviruses by targeting surface antigens common to all coronaviruses [5]

Specific

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) SARS-CoV severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV2; Wuhan coronavirus WIV1-CoV

General

coronaviridae

Properties

KINGDOM: virus GENOME-TYPE: RNA SINGLE-STRANDED POSITIVE-STRAND GENOME-SIZE: 16-21 kB ENVELOPE: PRESENT CAPSID-SYMMETRY: HELICAL

References

  1. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed. Fauci et al (eds), McGraw-Hill Inc. NY, 1998, pg 1066
  2. Paules CI, Marston HD, Fauci AS. Coronavirus Infections - More Than Just the Common Cold. JAMA. Published online Jan 23, 2020. PMID: 31971553 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2759815
  3. World Health Organization (WHO)Wuhan_coronavirus Coronavirus https:/f/www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus
  4. Zhang SF, Tuo JL, Huang XB Epidemiology characteristics of human coronaviruses in patients with respiratory infection symptoms and phylogenetic analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2010-2015 in Guangzhou PlosOne (2018) PMID: 29377913 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article
  5. Tortorici MA, Czudnochowski N, Starr TN et al. Broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody. Nature 2021 Sep 2; 597:103 PMID: 34280951 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03817-4 - Pinto D, Sauer MM, Czudnochowski N et al. Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix-pecific human antibody. Science 2021. Sep 3; 373:1109. PMID: 34344823 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abj3321 - Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Liu Z et al SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape. Nature. 2021. Sep;597(7874):97-102 PMID: 34261126 - Cully M. Broadly neutralizing anti-coronavirus antibodies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021 Sep;20(9):665. PMID: 34316026 - Martinez DR, Schafer A, Globeil S et al A broadly cross-reactive antibody neutralizes and protects against sarbecovirus challenge in mice. Science Translational Medicine 2021. Nov 2. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7125
  6. Kupferschmidt K SARS-like viruses may jump from animals to people hundreds of thousands of times a year. Study pinpoints Asian regions that could spark the next coronavirus pandemic. Science Insider 2021. Sept 15 https://www.science.org/content/article/sars-viruses-may-jump-animals-people-hundreds-thousands-times-year - Sanchez CS, Li H, Phelps KL et al A strategy to assess spillover risk of bat SARS-related coronaviruses in Southeast Asia. medRxiv 2021. Sept 14. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.09.09.21263359v1
  7. Absssi J COVID-19 and the Common Cold - Preexisting Coronavirus Antibodies May Hinder SARS-CoV-2 Immunity. JAMA. Published online January 26, 2022 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/278862
  8. Coronaviruses - Medical Microbiology - NCBI Bookshelf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7782/