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contraceptive
An agent used for the prevention of conception.
Indications:
- contraception
Adverse effects:
- estrogen-progestin & progestin-only contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke &,to a lesser extent, myocardial infarction
- levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device is not associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction [3]
Notes:
Effectiveness ranges from 48% (no method; chance alone) to 100% (vasectomy) [2]
any method is more cost-effective than chance alone [2]
estimated total cost (USA) of chance alone $4739 [2]
methods with the lowest total cost & best cost-effectiveness
1) copper IUD ($647)
2) vasectomy ($713)
3) levonorgestrel IUD ($930)
4) male condoms ($1575)
5) methods based on fertility awareness ($1892)
most costly & least cost-effective methods
1) vaginal ring ($3158)
2) oral contraceptives ($3381)
3) transdermal patches ($3458)
Interactions
drug adverse effects of contraceptives
Specific
cervical cap (Prentif)
citric acid/lactic acid/potassium bitartrate (Phexxi, Evofem)
condom
contraceptive depot
contraceptive implant
diaphragm contraceptive
hormonal contraceptive
intrauterine contraceptive or device (IUD)
Today contraceptive sponge
General
pharmaceutical agent
Properties
References
- Stedman's Medical Dictionary 26th ed, Williams &
Wilkins, Baltimore, 1995
- Trussell J et al
Cost effectiveness of contraceptives in the United States.
Contraception 2009 Jan; 79:5.
PMID: 19041435
- Yonis H, Lokkegaard E, Kragholm K, et al.
Stroke and myocardial infarction with contemporary hormonal contraception:
real-world, nationwide, prospective cohort study.
BMJ. 2025 Feb 12;388:e082801
PMID: 39938934 PMCID: PMC11816856
https://www.bmj.com/content/388/bmj-2024-082801.long
Component-of
contraceptive/estradiol/ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel